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7-5~$ 




97 



American Foundrymen's Association 

Eleventh Annual Convention, 

Cleveland, June 6 to 7. 




HE eleventh annual 
convention of the 
American Foun- 
drymen's Associa- 
tion was marked 
with many fea- 
tures which are 
new and which 
show not only the 
past work of the 
association, but its 
growth and op- 
portunities for future development. In 
the matter of papers alone, the interest 
taken by the different classes is shown. 
The I American Foundrymen's Asso- 
ciation membership is composed of all 
who are interested in the foundry 
business. This is a pretty broad speci- 
fication, and the classes interested are 
practically all represented in the list 
of contributors this year. Of the 
twenty-eight papers and reports pre- 
sented, four were prepared by found- 
rymen, six by metallurgists, two by 
accountants, five by individual fore- 
men, one by the Cleveland Pattern- 
makers' Association, the membership 
of which is composed of patternmaker 
foremen, three were reports by the 
secretary or committees, three were 
prepared by manufacturers, two by 
college professors, one by an editor, 
and one a report by Dr. Stratton, of 
the Bureau of Standards, at Washing- 
ton, D. C. Each sees the problem 
from his particular angle, and by com- 



ing together and reading these papers 
and discussing the subjects, great good 
to all classes results. 

This year there was one feature 
which was somewhat different from 
previous years. That is, that all the 
sessions were presided over by the 
president of the A. F. A. and all pa- 
pers presented to the parent associa- 
tion. For the last two years the pres- 
ident of the Foundry Foremen's Asso- 
ciation has presided at one session, at 
which most of the Foundry Foremen's 
papers were read. This was impossi- 
ble this year for two reasons: First, 
it was impossible for the president of 
the Foundry Foremen to stay past 
the first day of the convention, and 
the secretary of the Foundry Fore- 
men's Association was also absent. 
Second, greater good can be obtained 
by grouping the papers according to 
subjects than by grouping them ac- 
cording to authors, and hence in pre- 
senting them it is best to arrange them 
for presentation to the parent body. 

The American Foundrymen's Associa- 
tion, however, owes a great debt this 
year to the Associated Foundry Fore- 
men for their part in the preparation of 
papers, in the attendance at the con- 
vention, and for the general interest tak- 
en in the meetings. 

It is to be hoped that by another 
year other sections will be developed, 
which will be equally beneficial to the 
association. 



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Photographic Group. 



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Author 
24S!0a 



Associated Foundry Foremen 



99 



Associated Foundry Foremen. 

The business session of the fourth 
annual convention of the Associated 
Foundry Foremen was held at the 
American house, Cleveland, O., on the 
evening of June 4, with a large at- 
tendance. President David Reed pre- 
sided, and in the absence of the secre- 
tary, Henry M, Lane filled the place. 
The early part of the session was de- 
voted to the reading of minutes, ap- 
pointment of the nominating com- 
mittee and the reading of the secre- 
tary's report, which was presented by 
President Reed and included his report 
as well. It showed two new locals 
added during the year and 77 addi- 
tional members, making a total of 334. 
The membership has almost doubled 
in two years. The report called atten- 
tion to the importance of the appren- 
tice question and the place of the fore- 
men in his education. A plea was 
made for more general support of the 
association and its benefits were out- 
lined. The financial statement showed 
a healthy condition of affairs. 

Reports were received from a num- 
ber of local associations, though sev- 
eral were not represented. 

The feature of chief interest in 
the meeting was brought up by the 
reading of a communication from Sec- 
retary F. C. Everitt, recalling the ob- 
ject of the organization, as stated in 
the constitution to be "a strictly edu- 
cational" one. Some instances of 
labor antagonism, he stated, had de- 
veloped, and the idea that the associa- 
tion was involved in this sort of work 
had been spread by recent publications 
in The Review of the National Foun- 
ders' Association and The Iron Hold- 
ers' Journal. He suggested some ac- 
tion in this connection. 

A motion that this communication 
be laid on the table was defeated, 
after the president had stated that it 
would be unwise to sidetrack the 
issue. Mr. Murphy then moved that 
the report be accepted and that a com- 
mittee be appointed to consider the 
problem. This was carried and 
Messrs. Williams, McMakin and Mc- 



Kenzie were appointed. After a meet- 
ing of some length, this committee 
reported a set of resolutions, which 
did not prove entirely satisfactory, and 
a substitute resolution was adopted, as 
follows : 

"Whereas, there has been published 
in various journals that the National 
Founders' Association had gained or 
was gaining control over the Associ- 
ated Foundry Foremen for the pur- 
pose of using this association in its 
conflict with the iron molders' union. 
And 

"Whereas, in accordance with our 
constitution such a course would con- 
flict with the principal object of our 
existence. And 

"Whereas, there is nothing in our 
constitution to prevent any of our 
members as individuals so desiring to 
join a local foremen's club, organized 
for the purpose of aiding the objects 
of the N. F. A. Therefore, be it 

"Resolved, that we emphatically con- 
firm Article I, Section 2, of our con- 
stitution, which says: 'The object of 
this association shall be solely educa- 
tional,' and further, be it 

"Resolved, that any local organiza- 
tion forming a part of this association 
which violates Article 1, Section 2, of 
our constitution, shall be adjudged in 
bad standing with the association, and 
thereby forfeit its charter, as per arti- 
cle 5, section 4, of the by-laws. And 
further be it 

"Resolved, that a copy of these 
resolutions be forwarded to every or- 
ganization and publication interested." 

The association was addressed briefly 
by President West, of the American 
Foundrymen's Association, who com- 
mented on the number of foundry fore- 
men interested in educational matters, 
by Dr. Moldenke, who reviewed the 
progress of education in the molding 
industry, by Henry M. Lane, who told 
of the convention's plans and pros- 
pects and by others. 

Officers were chosen, as follows: 
Hugh McPhee, of Bridgeport, Conn., 
president; Hugh McKenzie, of Cleve- 
land, first vice president; A. T. Wil- 



IOO 



President's Address. 



liams, of Philadelphia, second vice 
president; F. C. Everitt, of Trenton, 
N. J., secretary-treasurer. 



Meeting of the American Foundry- 
men's Association. 

The eleventh convention of the 
American Foundrymen's Association 
opened in Cleveland, Tuesday morn- 
ing, June 5, with a record breaking 
attendance for the first day. The 
meeting was held in the large Central 
Armory, chairs being arranged lor 
those in attendance at the session of 
the convention in the central section 
of the large auditorium, while on all 
sides were exhibits of foundry sup- 
plies, constituting the most elaborate 
display ever made at a convention. 
While the response of so many dealers 
in foundry supplies was indeed pleas- 
ing, there was necessarily consider- 
able confusion at the opening session, 
as the placing of exhibits had not been 
completed, and the committee ap- 
pointed by the association to attempt 
to suppress noise had all that it could 
do. 

The address of welcome to the city 
of Cleveland was delivered by Mr. N. 
S. Calhoun, of the Johnson & Jennings 
Co., and was followed by the address 
of the president, Thomas D. West, on 
"The Need of Benefit of a Practical 
Education." 



PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS. 

The American Foundrymen's Asso- 
ciation was organized for the purpose 
of encouraging research in the art 
of founding; to disseminate the knowl- 
edge of its principles and to aid in the 
improvement of daily practice in all 
its branches. This may be considered 
an opportune time to speak of the 
numerous changes and improvements 
made since the organization of our so- 
ciety, and to call attention to oppor- 
tunities for research as well as the 
necessity for new appliances and 
-methods in our industry. There is 
-ample material for a lengthy address 
.on these matters, but as you have a 
number of excellent papers on varied 



foundry subjects before you, I have 
concluded to present a somewhat dif- 
ferent line of thought, believing this 
to be both timely and important. 

When we consider that the watch- 
word of this association is "Educa- 
tion," your president feels justified in 
taking it for the subject of his dis- 
course, and endeavoring to present 
that which may possibly help to ad- 
vance our work and also benefit hu- 
manity. 

Is the world improving? This is a 
question asked by many. The best evi- 
dence we have for the affirmative is 
the existence of such societies as this, 
and the constantly increasing number 
who are laboring to do good on the 
principle that we are free moral agents, 
left to work out our own destinies. 

This is claimed to be a practical age. 
In considering the actual state of ad- 
vancement in knowledge, and improve- 
ments in appliances, we are a far less 
practical people than conditions war- 
rant. The vague conceptions and per- 
nicious activities rampant among the 
masses, resulting from the teachings 
of misled reformers will, if not coun- 
teracted, so seriously disrupt our civil 
life and social customs that anarchy 
must find its opportunity to become so 
emboldened that we need have grave 
fears for the future. 

We have men advocating reforms to 
better humanity who, if they were ex- 
perienced in handling large bodies of 
operatives for whose results in creat- 
ing profitable products they were held 
responsible, or who would lose all they 
possessed if not successful, would ad- 
vocate lines widely different. 

To understand the disposition and 
strength of a horse, one must work it, 
and the same may be said of a man. 
Those who have carried on any large 
industry, involving the employment of 
men of different abilities in offices, 
stores and workshops, where the need 
of competent workers is specially 
manifest, quickly learn what is re- 
quired to better his labor. This is 
learnt in a manner that no theorist or 
any one inexperienced in the direct 
handling and managing of large bod- 



President's Address, 



101 



ies of men can grasp. Especially is 
this true of busy times. 

The impracticability and incompe- 
tency of the majority of men is re- 
sponsible for more strife and poor liv- 
ing than all other evils combined. 
There is not one person in fifty who 
is the thoroughly practical and com- 
petent being that he can and should 
be, and there are few vocations that 
demonstrate this more than the 
foundry business. This deficiency is 
largely due to the fact that we do not 
give our youths the practical education 
and training they should have. 

In the present strenuous times it is 
useless for any one to expect that any 
method for a permanent betterment 
of the social unrest can be used to 
harmonize the views and actions of 
the masses until we attain a nearer 
approach to needed practicability and 
competency in the units. This is not 
impossible. 

One of the many habits that arrest the 
development of skill is drink. This 
and other defects subtract from the 
usefulness of employes so greatly as to 
excite wonder that large industries 
and operations can be carried on at 
all. To quote a recent expression: 
"Any one who had fancied that politi- 
cal and social reorganization would im- 
prove the cause of industrial labor, 
banish poverty and introduce the mil- 
lenium, will be a wiser and a sadder 
man after he has contemplated the 
problem of competency. He will see 
in a very strong light the necessary 
relation of industrial competency and 
character to economic, civil and social 
improvement. Out of the mass of in- 
competents, indolent, vicious, unscrup- 
ulous citizens no magic can evolve 
order, stability, thrift and happiness. 
Improvement of the units is one es- 
sential preliminary to the improve- 
ment of society." 

We might, as a people, go on from 
day to day and year after year, ad- 
vancing doctrines for reform, in relig- 
ious, political, economic and social 
lines and avail little or nothing to 
truly benefit men, unless we place a 
practical education as a paramount is- 
sue. 



Tender the support and prominence 
due to the practical, and we will find 
that the visionary dreams of sentiment- 
alists would so vanish in time that 
many of the bad habits now so injuri- 
ous to man will not survive in the at- 
mosphere of the common practical 
sense that would prevail. In fact, it 
can be said that with a practical 
education as it should exist, so little 
discord, strife, immorality and misery 
would be left that reformers would 
have little to do. 

As one illustration of the impracti- 
cal beings that are occasionally turned 
out by our educational institutions, 
building on home training, I will cite 
the incident of a high school graduate 
who, after several reprimands for 
wearing gloves at his work in a 
foundry, turned upon his foreman with 
the ponderous exclamation: "I will 
tell you why I wear gloves; I play 
the mandolin." Here was a person 
supposedly possessing a high degree 
of intelligence, but still unable to com- 
prehend the difference in the demands 
of a dress parade and shop work. The 
lack of practical schooling built on un- 
sound home training, as exhibited by 
the man wearing gloves in a foundry, 
is the making of our visionary reform- 
ers as well as anarchists. 

Our schools and homes should be 
places to instill common sense and 
practical ideas into the minds of f he 
young. Instead of this, they are of- 
ten responsible for such theoretical 
views of life that their wreckage is 
found on every hand. With the lack 
of practical instruction on the part of 
over-indulgent mothers, careless or 
worse fathers, and yellow literature. 
is it any wonder we are so over- 
whelmed with mediocrity on every 
hand? 

Our educational system needs a re- 
vision, which in turn will consist in 
proper home training. There was a 
day when the ordinary school educa- 
tion only was necessary to get a liv- 
ing, but the fact that any good thing 
can be abused has been so much for- 
gotten in making up a curriculum that 
too great a number in the masses have 
gone daffy , cramming themselves 



102 



President's Address, 



with the professional and classical 
book knowledge, in the belief that 
this would make them pre-eminent 
among men, as well as give them the 
means to earn a good living. Any- 
thing but work, and the giving over of 
one's self to ease, sport and pleasure, 
is the secret underlying the great waste 
of time in the reading of subjects that 
are of little or no value in mental and 
manual working classes. The allure- 
ments of a life of ease and refinement 
which the Caucasian race is so partial 
to, finds its expression in the pursuit 
of a professional or classical education, 
rather ignoring the manual because it 
may involve hard work and dirt. If 
this evil is not corrected, the day will 
come when all classes of law-abiding, 
self-respecting people will suffer keen- 
ly for the errors of impractical parents 
and instructors. 

The present day training tendencies 
are such that many of the young are 
taught to think it discreditable to look 
forward to a life of labor other than 
that which will permit the individual 
wearing clean linen at all times and 
to bear the title of "gentleman" and 
"lady/' Why should a clean, trim $i 
per day clerk command any more re- 
spect than the begrimmed $3 a day 
artisan? 

There are two factors which must 
be taken into account more fully in 
our educational system as well as in 
our home training, if better conditions 
are to be realized in the future, and 
these factors are: a practical education 
and manual skill. 

When on every hand there are to be 
found young and old unable to attain 
a living for lack of the above men- 
tioned factors in their education, when 
there is a great demand for manual 
skill and the latter as a rule requiring 
as much, if not more, time and effort 
to be attained as the schooling now in 
vogue, why, then- should not skill be 
respected and encouraged more than 
it is? 

Xo one can show that there is a lack 
of employment for manual skill. The 
secretary of the Bowery branch of the 
Young Men's Christian Association, in 



New York, stated that one-third of the 
men who apply to him for help in se- 
curing work, and the most menial kind 
at that, are college graduates. Go 
where you will, in this broad land of 
ours, and it is the impractical scholarly 
individual, and not the skilled artisan, 
who is found begging for employment, 
blaming governments and capital for 
their failure in life. 

Encourage and advance practical 
educational methods, as well as home 
training as herein presented, and in a 
short period few would be applying in 
good times to any agency for employ- 
ment. In other words the distribution 
of scholarly and skilled workers would 
be so evenly divided that good remuner- 
ative employment could be found for 
all, and not as now a famine for one 
and feast for the other, a condition de- 
cidedly unfavorable for prosperity in 
any country. 

Not only are educational fads over- 
done to the great injury of the masses, 
as proved by the non-attainment of 
skill and the difficulties of mere bo »k 
scholars to obtain employment; but it 
is demonstrated by the foolish concep- 
tion many have of what should be the 
correct training for youths. As an il- 
lustration in this line we find a father 
who for 32 years has spent almost 
every spare moment of his life col- 
lecting tin-foil, until he had, at last 
reports, a ball weighing 617 pounds, 
and is now training his children to 
increase its weight when he is no 
more. It looks as if this father will 
not only have his children waste the 
best of their lives, if they are fools 
enough, in swelling the dimensions of 
this ball, but would like to keep his 
grandchildren doing likewise, until they 
have such a ball of tin-foil together 
that the yellow journals can dwell upon 
it as illustrating the great achievement 
of Mr. So-and-So's family. 

In another case we have a mother 
training her son to follow the steps of 
a father whom the whole community 
condemned as being the worst enemy 
to law and order, because the artificial 
atmosphere she lived in prevented her 
realizing his true needs in the way of 



President's Address. 



103 



an education. This conception of edu- 
cational needs is not much worse than 
that found in many parents keeping 
their children well dressed, with a lit- 
tle spending money in their pockets, 
rearing them as pleasure seekers and 
loiterers, who. when they are com- 
pelled to rely upon their own re- 
sources, are often driven either to beg, 
steal or starve. It may do sometimes 
to risk a "gentleman's life" for mil- 
lionaire's sons, but for others the ear- 
lier the youths are trained to work and 
shift for themselves the better men 
they will make. 

The inability of thousands to make 
a good living by not being skilled work- 
ers, means their loss as producers, and 
means further the employment of hun- 
dreds of others to do little else than 
trying to prevent incompetent beings 
from sinking to the lowest depths of 
degredation. 

The settlements and barracks of the 
Salvation Army, with their multitude 
of workers, affords examples of the 
good having to waste their lives to re- 
form the bad. Here are thousands of 
individuals who must be supported at 
the expense of the producing class. 
If we had the practical schooling and 
home training to create workers that 
should exist, there would be far less 
depravity and a surprising increase of 
competent skilled operatives, who, by 
their own ability to earn good wages, 
would create a much greater need for 
the commodities of life. Thus indus- 
try and all that is commendable in 
morality and respectability would 
thrive and advance in a manner im- 
possible by any other means in vogue 
at the present day. 

In taking up the educational ques- 
tion directly we must see that it is 
necessary to confine our youths' educa- 
tion to that which can be directly util- 
ized. The amount of time wasted in 
ornamental studies that can never be 
made use of ranges from one to four 
and often more of the most precious 
years of life, and passes many on to 
an age that they cannot take up stu- 
dies or an apprenticeship which in a 
few years could enable them to make 



a good living. All children should 
have a common school education, but 
when they have attained this their par- 
ents or guardians should study and 
discover, if possible, the capabilities 
of their youths and then decide what 
vocation they shall be trained for. 
Even special study that is not a direct 
necessity to the usefulness of the voca- 
tion to be followed should be put aside. 
What is a necessity should be studied 
with zeal and a regard for the saving 
of all time possible. What sense is 
there in spending valuable time study- 
ing subjects which, because they can- 
not be utilized, will soon be forgotten? 
Many claim that studies, though 
useless in a practical sense, serve as a 
mental training. It is a poor voca- 
tion in this day of advanced knowledge 
that does not give sufficient mental 
training in itself to develop the mind 
as is supposed to be done by studying 
Latin and Greek. It is not the actual 
studying along classical or professional 
lines that is wholly responsible for 
any refinement obtained, but rather 
more the environments of the college 
and its association with well bred in- 
dividuals. There is no reason why any 
vocation involving mental labor to 
master the technical end of its work- 
ings should not train and refine a 
person sufficiently to enable one to 
carry himself in a confident, self-re- 
specting and sensible manner in every 
day life. 

There are very few of our educators 
who are in a position to comprehend 
the necessity of the practical as com- 
pared with the book work of the pro- 
fessional or classical. Every energy 
has been directed to perfecting the lat- 
ter two tendencies, and now this should 
be done for the former. Good litera- 
ture on the practical aspects of life 
and the attainments of skill can be 
made to serve as text-books to train 
and refine youths as much, if not more 
so, as studies on political economy, 
history and English literature. Once it 
is recognized that there is as much 
need of the practical as the profes- 
sional, and text-books will be forth- 
coming that will change and better the 



io4 



President's Address. 



views of the masses in a way now im- 
possible. It is not to be expected that 
a change of this kind can be made in 
a few years as the machinery of educa- 
tion is naturally devised at the present 
time for carrying out the contempor- 
ary tendencies. No person can be im- 
pressed with this fact more than those 
who labor to develop and sustain 
what is practical and good common 
sense. Even our universities and col- 
leges are at the present time being 
driven to combat the evils of excessive 
soort and pleasure, which are unfor- 
tunately backed up by the public sup- 
port that is tendered to the athletic 
games. The excesses in this line are 
now so injurious to the aims of these 
institutions, and as a consequence to 
the masses, that at a recent gathering 
in New York City of professors and in- 
structors measures were taken to sup- 
press the great attention and loss of 
time given to these games to the in- 
jury of collegial as well as practical 
laboratory work. 

We have few factors more disregard- 
ed of the practical and common sense 
in life than that part of the public 
press which caters to the power of 
sporting, pleasure seeking and sensa- 
tionalism; in fact, the "anything-but- 
work" public tendencies. Create a 
strong sentiment to advance the prac- 
tical side of public questions and this 
class of publications will be forced to 
devote more space to the real advance- 
ment of the masses. 

The great revolution in the tenden- 
cies of industries, which may be called 
"Specialization," that has taken place 
in the past ten or twenty years, is a 
move towards the attainment of prac- 
tical science that has not received the 
recognition it deserves. It really 
means that no one should expect to 
completely master more than one vo- 
cation. There was a day when knowl- 
edge and means were so limited that 
one man could attend to many differ- 
ent things, but this day is gone forever. 
At one time an individual could under- 
take to be a master molder, machin- 
ist and blacksmith, but this is not pos- 
sible now. 



All those who are highly skilled in 
the art of founding naturally know 
that he who wishes to be in the lead, 
or the master of the sand-heap and 
cupola, either as a worker or manager 
of men, can spend every minute of a 
ten-hour day in the shop and his even- 
ings in study and research during a 
long life, and still have much to learn. 
To be a practical people we must, in 
connection with the other reforms men- 
tioned, specialize our studies and la- 
bor so as to be masters of one vocation 
and a tinker of a very few — not "Jacks- 
at-all-trades and masters of none." The 
all-prevailing existence of the smat- 
terer or "would be" is an affliction that 
causes many of our industrial enter- 
prises great losses and perplexities. To 
the lower working classes it means 
high cost of living and often much 
misery, which is entirely uncalled for, 
and should not exist. 

It is within the power of the civilized 
portion of the world to inaugurate a 
change in our studies that will prove 
very beneficial to mankind. We do not 
wish to ignore Europe in this work as 
the world is becoming more and more 
cosmopolitan every day; and to think 
of confining effort for a reformation 
in education to this country alone 
would not be doing right to mankind, 
especially when we are having foreign- 
ers coming to our shores by the thou- 
sands every week, and who are in de- 
All those who are highly skilled in 
mand as much through the "anything- 
but-work" tendencies of the majority of 
our "should-be" workers as by any other 
factors. The way to start the reform 
required would lie chiefly in our lead- 
ing associations appointing commit- 
tees, consisting of men broadly exper- 
ienced in the actual work of all the 
branches of the vocation they repre- 
sent, to select the subjects to be fol- 
lowed by youths after reaching the 
close of the grammar school grades, 
to best fit them for the vocation they 
will enter, as well as to designate what 
the demands are for the employment 
of manual or mental skilled workers 
in their respective lines. These associ- 
ations should include, among others, 
architects, blacksmiths, the business 



President's Address, 



105 



professions, carpenters, chemists, civil 
engineers, draughtsmen, doctors, edi- 
tors, electricians, farmers, masons, 
mechanical engineers, metallurgists, 
mining engineers, ministers, molders, 
patternmakers, painters, plumbers, and 
down the list to supply men, stationary 
engineers and wheelwrights. 

A founder's committee would not, I 
think, recommend the waste of time by 
those wishing to. learn the art of 
molding in studying subjects that could 
rarely if ever be utilized. In fact, it 
could be narrowed to a common school 
education, and a study of drawing, 
chemistry, and some metallurgy. The 
latter three could be taken after leav- 
ing the regular school, as special stu- 
dies in day or night schools under 
some instructor or technical institution, 
where they know just how much of 
these studies the niolder. foundry 
foreman or manager should possess. 
This committee, aside from recom- 
mending what special studies were 
necessary, could also set forth the 
title of such books as should be read at 
leisure, it being understood that 
a study means to memorize, but that a 
reading merely to form a fair concep- 
tion of what did exist— all with the 
view that a man should not have to 
wait until he is nearly gray-headed 
before possessing a knowledge and ex- 
perience enough to command a good 
living for him. We have only one life 
to live, and we should be fitted as 
early as possible to make the most of 
it. 

This address may be considered in 
the light of an appeal for a reform in 
matters of education and home train- 
ing, to create practical beings and good 
workers, to an association that, to- 
gether with a few others, stands fore- 
most in doing what can be highly com- 
mended by civilization. We have had 
martyrs in the past who have given up 
their lives for the good of others, and 
we have today men who are advocat- 
ing reforms that would exact great 
sacrifice on the part of others. What 
greater sacrifice, however, and liberal- 
ity of spirit, can be seen in present 
times than to perceive members of a 



body like the American Foundrymen's 
Association giving gratuitously to the 
world their trade secrets and experi- 
ences, as well as original researches, 
obtained at great expense, which but 
a few years ago, compartively speak- 
ing, all men would have held in their 
strong boxes? 

We have socialism and other "isms" 
striving for public support, but few 
have discerned or at least given to this 
and other modern kindred associations 
and its workers credit for the putting 
aside of selfishness, the gratuitous dis- 
tribution of information, and the creat- 
ing of co-operation among rivals in 
trade beneficial to the masses as well 
as themselves. 

It is hoped that this aggression on 
your time in not dealing more directly 
with questions of sand and iron, will 
be considered equally as beneficial, and 
may help to call public attention to a 
grave matter covering the welfare of 
the nation. 

There are over five thousand propri- 
etors of foundries and as many more 
superintendents and foremen combined 
with the allied interests, such as chem- 
ists, patternmakers and supply men. 
that should take great interest in our 
association's work. There are many 
who naturally do take a great interest, 
and those who do not would doubt- 
less do so were they to attend one of 
our meetings or took the time to in- 
vestigate the good work that has been 
accomplished by our association and 
members helping each other to ad- 
vance knowledge and skill in the art 
of founding. 

We are a body of men who have had 
our struggles the same as all pioneers 
in striving for advancement, and have 
among us workers who have been un- 
tiring in their labors to aid the good 
cause. When the work of our associ- 
ation is closely analyzed and the con- 
sequences realized, we are forced to 
concede that it has been of the high- 
est educational character, doing com- 
mendable labor that should be assisted 
by all those connected with the found- 
ry business. 

While much good has been accom- 



IO) 



Secretary's Report. 



plished by our association, there is 
still greater work before us, but to do 
this properly we should have a much 
larger membership. It is to be hoped 
that this "Cleveland Convention" will 
result in giving an impetus in this dir- 
ection. In justice to ourselves we can- 
not recede; we must enlarge and press 
forward. Can we say more in solicit- 
ing outside craftsmen to join us? The 
latch string is out, and "Welcome" is 
emblazoned above the door, inviting 
fellow foundrymen to enter and be- 
come one of us. 

Education is our association motto, 
and by making it as practical as possi- 
ble we can do a great good in helping 
to make this world grow better. This 
association and kindred societies will 
certainly have to labor for more prac- 
tical methods of instruction if, as a 
people, we truly desire to develop the 
needed skilled artisans, or to obtain 
the greatest comfort and happiness for 
the masses. This is a condition that 
can and should prevail throughout the 
civilized world. 

The Secretary's Report. 

The indefatigable secretary-treasur- 
er, Dr. Moldenke, read his report 
which was as follows: 

In presenting a brief report of the ac- 
tivities of his office during the fiscal 
year just closed, your secretary begs 
to state that the affairs of the associa- 
ation are in satisfactory condition, its 
influence steadily rising, and its useful- 
ness growing greater all the time. 

The year has been one of exception- 
al activity in the foundry, but also so 
hampered by high priced materials, 
poor deliveries, and economic trou- 
bles, that on the whole few foundry- 
men look back upon it with satisfac- 
tion. We may except only those who 
have so far specialized their work that 
the foundry end needs only make part 
of the profit of the concern. These 
facts, peculiar as they may seem when 
taken in connection with the era of 
prosperity we are in, have been gath- 
ered by the voluminous and far extend- 
ing correspondence, as well as per- 
sonal interviews during the year. No 



wonder that the foundry is so sensi- 
tive to all kinds of disturbances, and 
the layman regards pig iron, which 
is without his knowing it the big item 
in the foundryman's bills, as the best 
barometer of trade conditions. 

As a result of the reduction in the 
annual dues last year, the association 
has slightly increased its membership, 
having exactly three hundred members 
at the present time. Very strenuous 
efforts were made to obtain new mem- 
bers, both by correspondence, and per- 
sonal interview. The association is 
well known in all parts of the world. 
Letters come from everywhere ask- 
ing information, advice, and even plans 
and estimates for new foundry ven- 
tures. Everything possible is done to 
oblige the correspondents, and wher- 
ever possible the difficulties of engag- 
ing in new enterprises pointed out, in 
order to save loss on the one hand, 
and destructive competition on the 
other. 

Perhaps the best criterion of the 
value of the association is the fact 
that other countries are following our 
methods with profit to themselves. 
Again, many local associations, or- 
ganized for a variety of purposes, find 
it beneficial to discuss foundry prob- 
lems of a technical nature at their 
meetings. Thus, the educational fea- 
ture for which this association stands 
exclusively is widely recognized, and 
your secretary is often called upon to 
assist at these occasions. A new 
foundrymen's association has been 
formed on the Pacific coast, and had 
not the terrible disaster occurred 
there, we should have had some repre- 
sentatives of this very live oart of the 
country with us today. We hope for 
renewed prosperity and a vigorous 
resumption of the industry along the 
west coast, and trust that we may 
hold one of our meetings there at no 
distant date. 

The American Foundrymen's Asso- 
ciation has been signally recognized by 
the election of your secretary as an 
honorary member of the British Foun- 
drymen's Association, and further by 
his appointment on the national ad- 



Secretary's Report. 



107 



visory board for testing fuels and 
structural materials recently created 
by the president. Its members are on 
a committee now engaged in testing 
coke for the government in St. Louis, 
the plant which we expect to see a 
part of the magnificent institution in 
Pittsburg founded by Andrew Car- 
negie. Furthermore, our members are 
now at work in formulating standard 
specifications for foundry coke, in con- 
nection with the American Society for 



nearly all the labor of maintenance. 
The Case School, where we meet once 
at this convention, through its Profes- 
sor Smith, also has contributed large- 
ly to the success of this undertaking, 
now well known throughout the civil- 
ized world. 

With the taking over by the gov- 
ernment of this work, it will be en- 
larged to include the steel industry, 
and possibly go into further branches 
of interest to foundrvmen in general 




EXHIBIT OF THE ARCADE MANUFACTURING CO. 



Testing Materials. Thus our activity is 
ever extending, and for the benefit of 
our industry and the world in general. 
May we not hope for better support 
on the part of the foundrymen of the 
country ? 

The government, through its bureau 
of standards, has now formally taken 
over our standardizing bureau, thus 
closing a chapter in our life which has 
proven of great value to scientific 
founding as well as the iron labora- 
tory. To our president, Mr. West, is 
due the credit for its inception and 



We hope for a wide field and all pos- 
sible success in this direction. 

Considerable progress has been made 
along the line of trade schools during 
the year. Our association is not in 
position to finance any such undertak- 
ing. It can but recommend and urge 
the need of these public improvements. 
Others are taking up the question, and 
are better able to carry it through. 
We rejoice with them that education 
is thus making headway, and we need 
not fear European competition quite so 
seriously as formerly. Let the good 



108 Report on Trade Schools. 

work go on, however, it satisfies our off of the heats, as well as the pouring 

pride to have done the preliminary la- of the iron, and the care of the core 

bor. oven. This gives them an idea in their 

We have again to thank The Foun- earl y training of how the present meth- 

dry for the courtesy of printing our ods are conducted, and through their 

Transactions under an arrangement ingenuity and skill they will become pro- 

which gives them to us far below what ficient designers, so as to make work 

it would cost us to handle the problem. more advantageous in the foundry in 

We trust that this disinterested spirit the future. 

will be duly rewarded in other direc- In the evening course for the trade, 

tions. where only molders were taken, the ad- 

The receipts and expenses for the vantages that these young men have had 

fiscal year, are as follows: are very beneficial; they took the ap- 

_ ao prentice molder and aside from giving 

Received for Dues, etc $1,045.10 ,., u , 

Standardizing Bureau 49572 h im the advanced work on the floor, 

they taught him mathematics 

Total $1,540.90 and mechanical drawing; this you see, 

Disbursed for Salaries $ 894.62 wou ld not only enliven his mentality 

Printing V 2 ' * but fit him practically to read the 

Transactions 154-25 . . ,,..,- i_. r 

Postage 233.00 drawings, calculate the weight of cast- 
Sundries 23.30 ings and the setting of cores; they 

also taught these young men the lin- 

Total $1,397-19 ; ng Q f tne cupo i a> the charging, and 

leaving a balance in the treasury of the different mixes requisite for a 

$143.71. certain kind of casting, and they laid 

All of which is respectfully submit- considerable stress on vents as well 

ted. as consistency of core mixes and 

Richard Moldenke, sands. 

Secretary-Treasurer. Next year, as I understand it, they 

Reading of Papers. hope to start their regular evening 

The report of the committee on class for advanced foundrymen; that 

trade schools by J. S. Seaman, chair- is to s ^ thev wil1 have lectures on 

man, Pittsburg, was submitted, the re- the foundrying of metals, care of the 

port being as follows: cupolas through actual demonstra- 

In reference to the foundry depart- tion; the y wlU also S lve a course ,n 

ment in the Carnegie Technical Schools chemistry to these men— the chemis- 

I would say the work so far as I have tr y of iron and steel > the chemistry 

been able to learn has been very success- and mixes of iron > to tel1 what the 

ful. The engineering student is the one mixing of the iron constitutes; 1. e., 

who derives the greatest benefit this year. carbon, silicon, sulphur, manganese, 

Each one of the 120 students goes into and phosphorus. These tests will be 

the foundry each week and gets the made in such a manner as to make 

practical side; thev not only get the them thoroughly practical, and the- 

theory but are taught to do the real castings will be tested for their ability 

work Aside from the best manner of to resist transverse, tensile, crushing, 

putting work on the floor, they are and impact blows or strains which 

taught the best practical way and conse- will include tenacity, elasticity, and. 

quently that must be the best commercial toughness. These tests will be made 

av in the laboratory upon testing ma- 

They have a 42-inch cupola, the most chilies ; and the chemistry of sands 

modern equipped, and an electrical Wl11 also be taken U P bv this class of 

elevator to charging floor. These young mcn > thev wl11 S et a certain amount 

men attend to the manipulation of the of mathematics and drawing, 
machinery ; they also have the care of They have not been able to start 

the cupola, the charging, the running in this department in their day school 



Papers Read, 



109 



as yet, but they hope to, just as soon 
as more buildings are completed and 
they have sufficient room. 

If this school keeps up what it has 
started, we have no reason to believe 
but what this association will be 
greatly benefited and we trust that 
Director Hamerschlag will be able to 
carry out what he has so expressed to 
us: To make better foundrymen, 
make better molders, and to give the 
foundrymen what is their just due in 
the commercial world. 




SOME CHISHOLM & MOORE HOISTS. 

The following papers were then 
read: "The National Bureau of Stan- 
dards and Its Work," by Director 
Stratton, Washington, D. C, and "In- 
fluence of Different Ore Mixtures on 
the Resultant Pig Iron, from the 



Standpoint of the Foundrymen," by 
General Manager W. K. Barrows, She- 
nango Furnace, Sharpsville, Pa. In 
the absence of Mr. Barrows, who was 
unable to be present, his paper was 
read by Frank L. Crobaugh, Cleveland. 
Tuesday Afternoon's Session. 

The session Tuesday afternoon was 
held in the hall on the second story 
to avoid the noise of the first floor. 
Kenneth Falconer, of Montreal, read 
a paper on "Uniform Practice in 
Foundry Cost Finding" and it was de- 
cided to appoint a committee of five 
to consider the advisability of appoint- 
ing another committee to take action 
on cost keeping. 

"Good Molders— Why Are They 
Scarce?" was the subject of a paper by 
U. S. McQuillan, of South Norwalk, 
Conn. E. H. Williams, of the Enter- 
prise Foundry Co., Philadelphia, dis- 
cussed the paper briefly, making a 
strong plea for the promotion of tem- 
perance among molders and urging 
that the union co-operate with the em- 
ployes in this cause. He severely criti- 
cized the union for not demanding 
higher character of men in its mem- 
bership. 

E. H. Mumford, of Philadelphia, 
read a valuable paper on "Recent 
Methods of Machine Molding" and 
Dr. Moldenke described the foundry 
tests of coke made at the United States 
fuel testing plant in St. Louis. The 
paper was briefly discussed. 

Wednesday Morning Session. 

The third session of the convention 
was called to order in the Central Ar- 
mory about 10:30. The first paper 
read was by E. M. Taylor, of Boston, 
and was entitled "Correct Application 
of True Burden to Iron Costs." In 
the absence of Mr. Taylor the paper 
was read by Mr. T. E. Crawford of the 
Library Bureau, Boston. A paper 
entitled "The Electric Crane in 
the Foundry" by Harry Sawyer, 
was read by the title only. 

Following Mr. Sawyer's paper Mr. 
W. H. Parry presented his paper en- 
titled "Dark Secrets in Foundry Prac- 
tice." Mr. Parry is well known as a 
practical patternmaker and discussed 



I IO 



Papers Read 



problems of the foundry from 
the standpoint of an outsider. 
He incidentally described the use 
of diamonds for cutting tools, 
the diamond being inserted in a steel 
holder and used as a lathe tool- While 
the cost of the diamond was much 
higher than that of a steel tool the 
saving in time of sharpening and in 
wear more than compensated for the 
extra first expense. Mr. J. F. Webb 
inquired as to the cost of using dia- 
monds for cutting tools and Mr. Parry 
replied that it was about $8.00 to $12.00 
per carat. The stones, however, did 
not need to be sharpened once in 
six months. The method of preparing 
the tool was to make a hole in the steel 
holder in which the diamond was 
loosely fitted, and then brass solder 
was poured around it. The stone was 
sometimes ground before being placed 
in the holder and sometimes after- 
wards. Diamond dust was used for 
grinding and cost from $6.00 to $800 
per carat. 

Mr. James F. Webb next presented 
his paper on "Multiple Molds," on 
which there was no discussion. 
Following Mr. Webb's paper Mr. 
Ralph H. West read a paper 
entitled "Comparative Design and 
Working of Air Furnaces." 

President West suggested that, as 
the paper was of great importance and 
the amount of time so limited, discus- 
sion be postponed until the next ses- 
sion, and then called upon Mr. N. W 
Shed to read his paper entitled "Foun- 
dry Fluxes." The paper was dis- 
cussed by a number of gentlemen, the 
first being Mr. G. M. Thrasher Jr., 
chemist of Western Tube Co., Ke- 
wanee, 111. Mr. Thrasher described 
the conditions under which a cupola 
at the Western Tube Co. was run for 
eleven hours per day- The flux used 
was composed of 35 pounds of lime- 
stone and 15 pounds of fluorspar to 
each ton of iron. The amount of coke 
used was 300 pounds per ton of iron. 
They found that limestone alone was 
not adapted to long heats, such as the 
above, and that the fluorspar was nec- 
essary. 



Mr. J. F. Webb told of the troubles 
of a foundryman who charged, in a 
54-inch cupola, 7,000 pounds of iron to 
1,800 pounds of coke. After the first 
couple of tons of iron came down it 
ran cold and Mr. Webb inquired the 
reason. Mr. Shed, the author of the 
paper, said that he thought that too 




EXHIBIT OF THOMAS \V. PANGB0RN CO. 

much iron was used for the amount of 
coke charged, and that not over 5,000 

pounds should be used with that 
amount of coke. Dr. Moldenke agreed 
with Mr. Shed that the amount of iron 
was too great, and said that not over 
6,000 pounds should be charged. 

Mr. A. M. Loudon told of his exper- 
iences with the "Jumbo" cupola at 
Port Chester, N. Y., which ran con- 



Papers Read. 



in 



tinuously from n o'clock in the morn- 
ing to 5 o'clock in the evening. Buggy- 
ladles were used and the cupola was 
tapped from two holes alternately. The 
slag ran continuously. At 2 p. m. 
they stopped pouring the soil pipe fit- 
tings and went on stove plate. A 
trolley system was used for this work 
and there was a continuous line of 
men obtaining metal from the cupola. 



Wednesday Afternoon. 
In the afternoon of Wednesday the 
members and guests took cars at the 
Hollenden at 1 o'clock, which con- 
veyed them first to the plant of the 
Brown-Hoisting Machinery Co., and 
then to that of the Welman-Seaver- 
Morgan Co., and the Electric Control- 
ler & Supply Co. They were enter- 
tained at these works, after which the 




BERKSHIRE MOLDING MACHINES AT FOUNDRYMEN S CONVENTION. 



The flux used under these conditions 
was 60 pounds of limestone to the ton. 
They found that a charge of 7,500 
pounds of iron gave the best results. 
Experiments had been tried from time 
to time in reducing the amount of flux 
and it had sometimes been brought 
down as low as 45 pounds of limestone 
to the ton. Under these conditions, 
however, the holes almost became 
stopped up and it was necessary to in- 
crease the charge of limestone at once 
in order to remedy matters. They had 
never used a flux on the first two 
charges of iron. 



street cars conveyed them to the Case 
School of Applied Science, where a 
session was held in the lecture hall of 
the Electricity building. Prof. C. H- 
Benjamin, of Case School, gave an il- 
lustrated lecture, describing the tests 
which had been conducted by him on 
the strength of cast iron during the 
past ten years. 

These tests consisted in the sub- 
jecting of cylinders to hydraulic pres- 
sure until they burst; the subjecting 
of plates to hydraulic pressure and to 
concentrated loads at one point; the 
testing to destruction of various cast 



112 



Papers Read 



iron beam sections; and the testing to 
destruction of cast iron fly wheels and 
pulleys of various forms. 

The lecture was illustrated with lan- 
tern slides and Prof. Benjamin pointed 
out numerous things which had been 
learned in the course of experiments. 
For instance, he found that in making 
a cylinder with flanges heavy enough 
to provide the requisite strength, blow 



namely, in a straight line parallel to 
the axis. 

Another interesting experiment car- 
ried on by Prof. Benjamin was the ex- 
amination of breaking strength of gear 
teeth. The gear tooth was placed in 
a testing machine and broken by ap- 
plied pressure. It was found that the 
breaking strength was very close to 
that calculated by formulae, and that 




THE ELECTRIC CONTROLLER & SUPPLY CO. S EXHIBIT. 



holes would develop at the junction 
of the flange and cylinder. These 
weakened it so that the cylinder al- 
ways failed, when the flange was to 
any great degree heavier than the 
cylinder wall, around the circumfer- 
ence of the cylinder immediately be- 
low the flange. In the course of the 
experiments he developed a cylinder 
in which both wall and flanges were 
of uniform thickness, the requisite 
strength being provided by ribs join- 
ing the flange and the cylinder. Thcst 
cylinders on testing failed in the man- 
ner that thev theoretical v should: 



the tooth always failed on a line par- 
allel to the direction of the applied pres- 
sure. The strongest form of tooth 
was found by these experiments, to be 
the involute rack tooth. In general 
the involute tooth was much stronger 
than the epic3 r cloidal. 

The most interesting series of exper- 
iments conducted by the professor 
was the testing of wheels and pulleys 
to destruction. The pulleys were 
placed in a steel casing and driven by 
a steam turbine up to any necessary 
speed for breaking. The terrific ef- 
fects of the bursting fly wheel were 



Papers Read, 



IJ 3 



illustrated by a photograph of the 
testing apparatus after it had been de- 
molished by a particularly heavy 
wheel. The casing was constructed 
of 1^4-inch boiler plate strongly bolted, 
with a lining of 12-inch oak blocks. 
The bursting fly wheel completely de- 
molished the casing, throwing the up- 
per half something over 150 feet away 
and another portion of it on the roof 



ing was held Thursday morning in the 
course of a boat ride to Lorain, O. 
About 450 members and guests went 
aboard the steamer, "City of the 
Straits," at 9 o'clock Thursday morn- 
ing and were conveyed to the works 
of the National Tube Co. at Lorain, 27 
miles distant. During the trip, a 
meeting was called to order in the sa- 
loon of the vessel, and Mr. Archie M. 




EXHIBITS OF THE E. H. MUM FORD CO. AND THE CONNERSVILLE BLOWER CO. 



of one of the buildings. The ij^-inch 
boiler plate had broken clean off by 
the impact. 

At the conclusion of the lecture the 
society tendered a vote of thanks to 
Prof. Benjamin. In the evening the 
members and guests of the society vis- 
ited Luna park, one of the amusement 
places of Cleveland, in a body. 

Thursday Morning Session. 
The concluding session of the meet- 



Loudon read a paper entitled "Core 
Mixtures and Compounds." This pa- 
per dealt with 18 tests made by Mr. 
Loudon on cores made of various pro- 
portions of sand and compound, and 
with a number of different binders and 
compounds. Mr. Loudon's conclusions 
were interesting, as they gave the best 
proportions and binders for use in 
cores for different services and of dif- 
ferent sizes. There was no discussion 
on the paper. Dr. Moldenke then 



ii4 



Election of Officers. 



moved that all the other papers sub- 
mitted at the convention be read by 
title and the discussion dispensed with. 
This was agreed to and the conven- 
tion proceeded to the transaction of 
general business. 

The first business was the election 
of officers. The nominating commit- 
tee reported the following nominations 
for officers to serve for the year 1906- 
1907: 



gan, W. J. Keep, Michigan Stove Co., 
Detroit. 

Vice president, Sixth division, Wis- 
consin, Thomas J. Sherriffs, Sherriffs 
Mfg. Co., Milwaukee. 

Vice president, seventh division, the 
South, J. B. Golden, Golden Foundry 
& Machine Co., Columbus, Ga. 

Vice president,- eighth division, Can- 
ada, L. L. Anthes, Toronto Foundry 
& Machine Co., Ltd., Toronto, Ont. 




THE TABOR MFG. CO. AND THE CHICAGO PNEUMATIC TOOL CO. 



President, W. H. McFadden, Mack- 
intosh, Hemphill & Co., Pittsburg. 

Vice president, first division, New 
England, C. J. Cayley, Russell & Er- 
win Mfg. Co., New Britain, Conn. 

Vice president, second division. New 
York and New Jersey, John W. Burr, 
Brook & Houston Co., Brooklyn, New 
York. 

Vice president, third division, Penn- 
sylvania, Stanley C. Flagg Jr., Phila- 
delphia. 

Vice president, fourth division, Ohio 
and Illinois, J. H. Whiting, Whiting 
Foundry Equipment Co., Chicago. 

Vice president, fifth division, Michi- 



Secretary-Treasurer Richard Mol- 
denke, Watchung, N. J. 

The nominating committee recom- 
mended that all section officers be ap- 
pointed by the executive board of the 
association. On motion, the report of 
the committee was received and the 
secretary instructed to cast one ballot 
for all nominees who were then de- 
clared elected. 

Mr. H. M. Lane then moved that the 
organization committee of the Am- 
erican Foundrymen's Supply Associa- 
tion, which was formed at this conven- 
tion, as related in another column, be 
made a supplementary committee of 



Business Meeting. 



^5 



the American Foundrymen's Associa- 
tion, and this motion also was adopted. 

Mr. J. G. Seaman, of Pittsburg, then 
stated that it had been the custom of the 
society to elect the retiring president to 
honorary membership in the association, 
and he therefore moved that Mr. Thomas 
D. West be so elected. The motion was 
carried by acclamation. 

Dr. Moldenke spoke of the growth of 
the brass foundry business in the coun- 



Dr. Moldenke also moved that a com- 
mittee be appointed with Mr. J. S. Webb 
as chairman to study the use of nickel 
in cast iron and report at the next con- 
vention. 

Mr. J. G. Seaman arose to express the 
appreciation of the society for the work 
of Dr. Moldenke in improving the or- 
ganization and membership of the asso- 
ciation, and in raising it to the high 
plane which it now occupies. He stated 




THE GOLDSCHMIDT THERMIT CO. S EXHIBIT. 



try, and stated that the need for an as- 
sociation of brass foundrymen was be- 
coming greater each year, that while the 
American Foundrymen's Association 
welcomed all men engaged in the foun- 
dry business, he thought that the work 
of the brass founders could best be car- 
ried on by an organization devoted en- 
tirely to that purpose. He, therefore, 
moved that a committee be appointed to 
consider the formation of an American 
Brass Founders' Association with in- 
structions to report at the next conven- 
t : on. The motion was carried, and a 
jommittee consisting of Mr. C. J. Cay- 
ley and Dr. Moldenke was appointed. 



that the present position of the society 
was almost solely due to the doctor's 
work, and that he had been untiring in 
his efforts. He therefore moved a vote 
of thanks to the doctor. The motion 
was unanimously carried by a rising 
vote. 

Dr. Moldenke responded in a few well 
chosen words, in which he expressed his 
appreciation of the spirit manifested to- 
ward him by the association. He stated 
that the American Foundrymen's Asso- 
ciation was his best work, and that he 
thoroughly enjoyed working for it. For 
the past 10 or 15 years, he had devoted 
his entire time to it and had hardly spent 



n6 



Business Meeting. 



an evening in pleasure with his family. 
It gratified him exceedingly to learn 
that the society appreciated what little 
he had been able to do for it. 

Mr. A. D. Belden, of the United States 
geological survey, then addressed the as- 
sociation briefly, and described the coke 
making experiments at the St. Louis coal 
testing plant. He stated that little or 
no investigation had been carried on re- 
garding the subject of coke making. 



to hold the next convention in Philadel- 
phia. As the selection of the place of 
meeting is vested in the executive board, 
the association passed a resolution recom- 
mending that the executive board select 
Philadelphia as the next place of meet- 
ing. 

Mr. Field offered a motion tendering 
votes of thanks to the retiring officers of 
the association for the efficient adminis- 
tration which they had given it; to the 




EXHIBIT OF THE WHITE TOOL & SUPPLY CO. AND THE CRESCENT MACHINERY CO. 



This was due to the fact that nature had 
provided a splendid grade of coking coal 
at Connellsville, which requires little or 
no attention while it was being reduced 
to coke. The present investigation was 
being carried on to determine the best 
methods of manufacturing foundry coke 
from the many bituminous fields of the 
United States. In the near future, a par- 
tial report will be published of the prog- 
ress made, and later on, a complete re- 
port of the work done will be forthcom- 
ing. 

An invitation was received from the 
Philadelphia Foundrymen's Association 



authors of the various papers presented 
at the meeting; to the local committee 
for the splendid entertainment provided, 
mentioning especially in this connection, 
Mr. H. M. Lane, who has been untiring 
in his efforts and to whom the success of 
the meeting and the exhibits was large- 
ly due ; and to the Philadelphia Foundry- 
men's Association for its invitation for 
1907. The motion was unanimously car- 
ried. 

Mr. Kenneth Falconer, speaking on a 
uniform method of cost finding, embodied 
the substance of his report in a motion 
to submit to a committee of two or three. 



American Foundrymen's Supply Association, 



117 



which should report at the next conven- 
tion, the question of a method of uni- 
form cost finding applicable to the foun- 
dry business, and that members be re- 
quested to submit to this committee any 
suggestions which might be available. 
The motion was carried and the meeting 
then adjourned. 



reaching town at about 4:30. During the 
return trip, a meeting of the newly or- 
ganized American Foundrymen's Supply 
Association was held, as described on 
another page of this report. On its ar- 
rival in Cleveland, the association and 
its guests proceeded to the steps of the 
Chamber of Commerce where the photo- 




CLEANIXG ROOM EQUIPMENT SHOWN BY W. W. SLY MFG. CO. 



At the close of the meeting, luncheon 
was served on board of the boat, and by 
the time it was over, the party had ar- 
rived at Lorain. The association disem- 
barked and went through a portion of 
the plant of the National Tube Works, 
visiting the Hulett electric ore unloaders, 
the blast furnaces, power plant and foun- 
dry. About two hours were spent on 
shore and the party then re-embarked 
and were brought back to Cleveland. 



graph shown in connection with this re- 
port was taken. 



AMERICAN FOUNDRYMEN'S 
SUPPLY ASSOCIATION. 

In January, 1906, a group of foundry 
supply dealers in Cleveland met to dis- 
cuss the advisability of holding an ex- 
hibition of foundry supplies and equip- 
ment in connection with the American 



uS 



American Foundrymen's Supply Association 



Foundrymen's Association convention 
in Cleveland, June 5-7. This resulted 
in the formation of what was known 
as the A. F. A. Exhibit Association, a 
local organization formed to conduct 
the exhibition in Cleveland. 

J. S. Smith, of the J. D. Smith 
Foundry Supply Co., was elected presi- 
dent, and H. M. Lane, editor of The 



the country, and a large number re- 
sponded heartily. 

The exhibit, as carried out by the A. 
F. A. Exhibit Association proved very 
successful indeed, and on the second 
day of the exhibit, June 6, some of the 
exhibitors, together with a few supply 
men, held a meeting at the armory to 
consider the advisability of a perma- 




THE FALLS RIVET & MACHINE CO. AND THE HOLLAND LINSEED OIL CO. 



Foundry, secretary and treasurer. To 
provide funds for carrying out the pre- 
liminary work and to insure the work 
of the exhibit, the 11 members of the 
original association each contributed 
toward a guarantee fund which was 
paid in at once. Several meetings were 
held, the matter discussed thoroughly, 
and it was decided to rent the Central 
Armory, which is 120x207 feet, and 
to hold the exhibit and the convention 
in the same building. Letters were 
sent to all supply dealers throughout 



nent foundry supply association for 
the purpose of financing the entertain- 
ment features of the annual conven- 
tions, and also for the purpose of 
carrying on an exhibit of foundry sup- 
plies and equipment each year in con- 
nection with the convention. The ex- 
hibit has proven to be such a drawing 
card at Cleveland that an unanimous 
opinion was expressed in favor of 
such an association. H. M. Lane was 
chosen temporary chairman, and first 
gave a statement of the history of the 



American Foundry men's Supply Association 



119 



Cleveland exhibit. The organization 
committee was then appointed to nom- 
inate officers and outline the business 
of the organization. This committee 
consisted of C. T. Smith, of the Chi- 
cago Pneumatic Tool Co., Cleveland, 
O., S. T. Johnson, of the Obermayer 
Co., Chicago, 111., U. E. Kanavel, of the 
Interstate Sand Co., Cleveland. O., F. 
C. White, of the White Tool Supply 



sociation was formed, namely: the ad- 
vancement of foundry practice by the 
reading and discussion of papers; in 
other words, the promulgation of foun- 
dry literature and the education of 
foundrymen. 

The forming of a regular supply as- 
sociation similar to the Master Me- 
chanics, Master Blacksmiths and Mas- 
ter Car Builders, etc., would place all 




EXHIBIT OF THE WHITING FOUNDRY EOUIPMENT CO. 



Co., of Cleveland, and S. W. Hubbard, 
of Rogers, Brown & Co., Cleveland. 

Some of the advantages to be de- 
rived from such an organization, as 
brought out in the discussion, were as 
follows: 

The holding of an exhibit in con- 
nection with the convention would 
serve as a drawing card and make the 
conventions much more popular. 

The fact that the supply men would 
look after the financing of all the en- 
tertainment features of the convention 
would relieve the A. F. A. officers of 
such work and leave them free to carry 
on the regular work for which the as- 



of the supply men on an equal footing, 
so that the expenses would be divided 
more equitably than has been hereto- 
fore possible. 

Every convention has had marked 
examples of the means by which some 
people "sponge" on their more gener- 
ous competitors. 

By building up both associations, 
making the membership in each de- 
sirable and making the entertainment 
features exclusively for members, 
many of these abuses would be avoid- 
ed. 

On the return trip of the members 
and sruests of the association from 



i2o American Foundrymen's Supply Association. 



Lorain the following day, a meeting of 
all the supply men on board the boat 
was called to order in the cabin of the 
vessel. Mr. Lane was made tempor- 
ary chairman of the meeting, and brief- 
ly explained the business of the pro- 
posed association as outlined above for 
the benefit of those who were not at 
the preliminary meeting. He then re- 
ported that the organization committee 



Committee on entertainment — H. Ev- 
ans, Wilfred Lewis, Geo. Borden, Chi- 
cago Pneumatic Tool Co., Philadelphia; 
John S. Wilberham, of the Baker 
Blower Co., Philadelphia; H. E. Mills, 
of the Syracuse Oil Co., Syracuse, 
N. Y. 

These committees were all confirmed 
by the meeting and the president then 
called upon various gentlemen present 




EXHIBIT OF THE ATLAS CAR & MFG. CO. 



had nominated the following officers 
for the association: President, S. T. 
Johr.sor, the S. Obermayer Co.. Chica- 
go ; first vice president, E. H. Mumford, 
E. H. Mumford Co., Philadelphia; sec- 
ond vice president, E. A. Kebler, 
Matthew Addy & Co.. Pittsburg, secre- 
tary-treasurer, H. M. Lane, The Foun- 
dry. These nominees were unani- 
mously elected to their respective of- 
fices, and Mr. Lane then reported that 
the following committees had been 
recommended: Committee on consti- 
tution — C. T. Smith, U. E. Kanavel 
and F. C. White. Finance committee 
— H. E. Pridmore, John Hill, U. E. 
Kanavel, C. T. Smith, Jas. Darragh. 



to address the meeting and give their 
ideas upon the formation of the associ- 
ation and its objects. President John- 
son first spoke briefly as to what was 
to be accomplished by the association, 
saying in effect what has already been 
outlined above. 

Dr. Moldenke then stated that such 
an association had long been needed as 
the convention sometimes proved a 
great burden to the local committee 
and that it necessarily detracted from 
the real object of the association. 

President elect McFadden of the 
American Foundrymen's Association, 
spoke in a similar vein, stating that the 
new administration expected to accom- 



Entertainment Features. 



121 



plish great things now that the co-op- 
eration of the supply men was assured. 
Mr. Johnson called on Mr. John A. 
Penton, of the Penton Publishing Co., 
for his ideas on the association. Mr. 
Penton said that 10 years ago he would 
not have believed it possible that the 
American Foundrymen's Association 
could attain the commanding position 
which it today occupies, and he pre- 



Supply Association should be condi- 
tional upon membership in the Amer- 
ican Foundrymen's Association, and 
that no one be allowed to exhibit at a 
convention of the latter association 
unless he was a member of the supply 
men's organization. Mr. Penton then 
spoke of the educational value to foun- 
drymen of the American Foundrymen's 
Association, and stated that it would 




THE EXHIBIT OF THE OSBORN MFG. CO. 



dieted that in the next 10 years the im- 
provement would be as great and that 
the increase in membership would keep 
pace with the improvement. He 
stated that the difficulty of providing 
for the entertainment features for a 
society like that of the American Foun- 
drymen's Association was appreciated 
only by those who had done so. It 
was unfair to the association to com- 
pel it to bear the burden of a varied 
and expensive entertainment, the chief 
benefit of which was reaped by the 
supply men and he was glad to see that 
the supply men were now ready to do 
their part. He suggested for the ben- 
efit of the committee on constitution 
that membership in the Foundrymen's 



repay the owners of foundries many 
times over to send their foremen to 
their conventions and pay their ex- 
penses. 



ENTERTAINMENT FEATURES. 

The local entertainment committee 
had prepared an elaborate entertain- 
ment program for the visiting guests. 

On Tuesday evening there was a 
theater party at Keith's Theater. The 
entire ground floor and a portion of the 
balcony was reserved for the members 
and their friends, and all reported a 
good time. Some of the actors found 
the names of some of the distinguished 
body before them, and showed that 



122 



Entertainment Features. 



they were familiar with Tommy West, 
the president, who was reported as 
still mixing iron by analysis; with big, 
tall Ben Fuller from Pittsburg; and 
with Field, of metallurgical fame. 

On Wednesday evening the members 
and guests went to Luna park in a 
body, six trolley cars having been en- 
gaged for the purpose, and the party 
headed by a brass band. At the park 



docks of the National Tube Co., which 
are three miles up the Black river. 
The guests were met at the dock by 
Mr. Masterson and his corps of assis- 
tants, who conducted the party about 
the works. The vessel unloaders were 
first inspected, where two Hulett un- 
loaders were engaged in removing a 
cargo from one of the 10,000-ton ore 
freighters. 




THE EXHIBIT OF THE J. D. SMITH FOUNDR Y SUPPLY CO. 



the various attractions were taken in 
and the band was everywhere in evi- 
dence, being taken over the roller 
coaster, the "figure eight," the "shute- 
the-shutes." and all the other attrac- 
tions visited by the members. Every- 
one reported a good time and went 
home tired but happy. 

On Thursday the entire party went 
to Lorain on the steamer City of the 
Straits. As already stated, a session 
of the A. F. A. was held on the boat 
on the way out, and the organization 
session of the American Foundrymen's 
Supply Association on the boat on the 
way back. 

At Lorain the party landed at the 



The blast furnaces were next visited, 
and then the foundrj r . The foundry 
contains many points of interest. The 
entire product is used at the various 
mills owned by the company and con- 
sists of three classes of metal; that is, 
cupola, air furnace, and direct blast 
furnace metal. The cupola metal is 
used for ordinary work, the air furnace 
metal for rolls, and the direct metal 
for ingot molds. 

On Thursday evening the final event 
of entertainment features took place, 
in the form of a smoker, which was 
held in the Central Armory, where 
the exhibits were arranged. The 
guests were seated at tables, when 



Entertainment Features. 



I2 3 




124 



Exhibition, 



they were furnished with their molders' 
tools, which consisted of a souvenir 
stein, a corn cob pipe, and a bag of 
tobacco. The Falls Rivet & Machine 
Co. also presented each person 
in attendance with a leather case 
containing "sample cores," which were 
stated to have been made on the 
Wadsworth improved core machine. 
The cores were all cigar shaped and 
were made of a very fine quality of to- 
bacco, and hence were put to use by 
the guests. 

Very acceptable music was furnished 
by Steele's orchestra, which is a local 
orchestra of eighteen pieces. Amuse- 
ment was also furnished by a vaude- 
ville entertainment of eight acts. 




POURING OFF THE HEAT. 

Sandwiches were passed, and lest the 
members become too dry, liquid re- 
freshment was furnished by pouring 
off a heat. This was accomplished with 
the aid of a cupola, furnished by the 
Whiting Foundry Equipment Co. It 
was stated that the Whiting Foundry 
Equipment Co. had occasionally furn- 
ished amber-colored liquid refresh- 
ments, but never before had it been 
drawn from a cupola of their make. 
The cupola was placed on the floor 
next to the platform, or stage, and was 
so arranged that the liquid refreshments 
were tapped from the spout into hand- 
ladles, and thus carried by the waiters 
to the various guests at the tables. 
The steins were filled from the hand- 
ladles, but as there were some 750 peo- 
ple present, it was found impossible to 
d-a-.v the mrterial from the cupoln fast 



enough, hence one of the steel barrels 
furnished by the Cleveland Wire Spring 
Co. was pressed into service. This 
was mounted on a truck, so that it 
could be carried from place to place, 
was filled with beer, and trucked down 
to the middle of the room. The hand- 
ladles were then filled by dipping from 
the barrel. 

The molders' tools were distributed 
to the members from wheel-barrows 
furnished by the J. D. Smith Foundry 
Supply Co.., and tote boxes furnished 
by the Cleveland Wire Spring Co. 

Considerable amusement was furn- 
ished by the local committee passing 
a number of cigars containing con- 
cealed springs, which let go after the 
cigar had burned a certain distance and 
scattered the tobacco. 

The assemblage broke up at 10:30, 
everybody saying that the convention 
had been the most successful and en- 
joyable in the history of the Associa- 
tion. 

The Exhibition. 

When the first arrangements were 
made for the convention, an associa- 
tion was formed for the purpose of 
conducting an exhibition of foundry 
supplies, as explained in the report of 
the American Foundrymen's Supply 
Association. 

When the convention opened there 
were exhibits from 42 firms. Some of 
the exhibits were composite exhibits 
of two or more firms. The total 
weight of the machinery and supplies 
exhibited was over 150 tons, and an 
idea of the work connected with the 
exhibit can be gained from the fact 
that this entire mass of material was 
moved into the armory in two days 
and set up and running when the con- 
vention opened. After three days of 
exhibit it was all torn out and re- 
shipped in two days. Power for the 
exhibit was furnished by a 55-horse- 
power gas engine, installed by the 
Bruce-Meriam-Abbott Co., Cleveland, 
O., belted on one side to a 2-inch line 
shaft 90. feet in length furnishing power 
to the various power exhibits, and on 
the other to an air compressor, fur- 



Exhibits. 



I2 5 



nished by the Chicago Pneumatic Tool 
Co. The air lines running the various 
exhibits required over 400 lineal feet 
of piping to reach the different exhib- 
its. There were also over 300 feet of 
.^as lines laid to reach various exhibits. 
in addition to the power furnished by the 
g?.s engine, three of the exhibits were 



ments. These barrels are only about 
50 per cent heavier than wooden bar- 
rels and are many times stronger and 
their life very much longer. They will 
absolutely pay for themselves in a 
short time in the saving of broken bar- 
rels and particularly in the saving due 
to the fact that when these barrels are 




EXHIBIT OF THE B. F. STURTEVANT CO. AND THE REPUBLIC BELTING & SUPPLY CO. 



driven by electric motors requiring an ag- 
gregate of 25 horsepower. The Electric 
Controller & Supply Co. also used a 
heavy current for its lifting magnets. 

The various exhibits are described 
in greater detail below: 

The Exhibits. 

The Cleveland Wire Spring Co., of 
Cleveland, O., had a very interesting 
exhibit of steel foundry barrels and 
metal tote boxes, for use in foundries 
and other manufacturing establish- 



used a certain aggravating occurrence 
never take place. In other words, all 
who have used wooden barrels are 
familiar with the breakdown that often 
occurs in the gangway and sometimes 
takes three men to clean up, and in the 
meantime blocks all passage in that de- 
partment. Metal barrels do not break 
down. Some barrels are also provided 
with trunnions and a special truck ar- 
ranged for handling them. 
The Foundry exhibit was used large- 



126 



Exhibits, 



ly as a bureau of information and head- 
quarters for the many friends of The 
Foundry. Copies of the different 
papers published by the Penton Pub- 
lishing Co., and also a number of 
practical books on foundry practice 
were shown and subscriptions taken 
for the same. For the convenience 
of the visitors a stenographer was pres- 
ent who was ready to write letters for 
any one having business to transact. 

The Western Foundry Supply Co., 
East St. Louis, 111., occupied the ad- 
joining space. This exhibit consisted 
of a number of glass jars containing 
various products, such as metallic ce- 
ment, parting compound, various fac- 
ing compounds, ground ferro-silicon, 
ferro-manganese, etc. The company 
also distributed souvenir bags of fer- 
ro-manganese. 

The American Sand Co., Columbus, 
O., had an exhibit consisting of a 
series of sand bins containing various 
grades of molding sand, before which 
were arranged tables containing jars 
of molding sand and silica sand. One 
of the features of the exhibit was a 
number of cartoons posted on the rail- 
ing in front of the space. 

The B. F. Sturtevant Co., of Boston, 
Mass., had a number of features in its 
exhibit which were of especial interest. 
At the front of the exhibit was a sec- 
tional model of the latest patent of high 
pressure blower, manufactured by this 
company. The model was driven by 
an electric motor and illustrated very 
nicely the action of this new type of 
machine. The exhibit also contained 
three of the firm's well known centri- 
fugal fan blowers of various sizes. Mr. 
W. H. Coleman, of the Chicago 
branch, was in charge, assisted by Mr. 
S. C. Cutler, who represents the B. F. 
Sturtevant Co. in Cleveland. 

The Republic Belting & Supply Co., 
of which "Sir. S. C. Cutler is vice pres- 
ident, had an exhibit of belting, foundry 
supplies and Cortland corundum 
wheels. As Mr. Cutler is connected 
with both firms, the exhibit was shown 
in connection with that of the B. F. 
Sturtevant Co. 



Harbison-Walker Refractories Co., 
Farmers' Bank building, Pittsburg, 
Pa., displayed some of its blocks and 
fire brick for lining cupolas. 

W. W. Lindsay & Co., Philadelphia, 
Pa., had an exhibit of chaplets of all 
classes and gave away a very neat 
cnaplet souvenir in the form of a 
paper weight. 

The Diamond Clamp & Flask Co., 
Richmond, Ind., had on exhibit a Gart- 
side core machine for making round 
cores with coned ends, also for mak- 
ing irregular cores, such as pipe bends, 
etc. The machine is quite unique in 
its design and construction. The ex- 
hibit also contained universal coup- 
lings, pattern dowels and other de- 
vices manufactured by the company. 

The Interstate Sand Co., Cleveland, 
O., which handles the product of the 
Ayers Mineral Co., of Zanesville, O., 
the Ohio Sand Co., of Conneaut, O., 
of L. K. Brown, Zanesville, O., the 
Gordon Sand & Gravel Co., Cleveland, 
O., and the Central Silica Co., of 
Zanesville, O., had a unique exhibit, 
including jars containing the different 
grades of sand handled by the com- 
pany and advertising matter concern- 
ing it. The two most attractive feat- 
ures in the booth, however, were a mic- 
roscope for the examination of sand 
and a pair of water coolers for dis- 
pensing pure drinking water. This 
latter feature proved a great attrac- 
tion on the hot days. 

The Berkshire Mfg. Co., Cleveland, 
O., exhibited two of its automatic 
molding machines, one being con- 
nected up with a revolving sand riddle 
and used for making molds for a plate 
of fittings. The other machine was 
connected with the power and ran 
idle, so as to show the mechanism. 
There was also on exhibition a small 
aluminum model of the machine and 
a large collection of castings molded 
upon the Berkshire machines. 

The J. D. Smith Foundry Supply 
Co., Cleveland, O., had a combination 
exhibit, including facings and other 
foundry supplies manufactured and 
handled by the company. A squeezer 
molding machine made by the firm, 



Exhibits, 



127 



the Battle Creek sand sifter, a new 
sand sifter made by the Taylor & Bog- 
gis Co., brass melting furnaces, and 
lifts or hoists for pulling pots were 
also shown. A water tumbler and an 
exhibit of chaplets made by the Cleve- 
land Chaplet Co. were also shown as 
was an exhibit of paints and paint ma- 
terials. 

The Buckeye Sand Co., of Pittsburg, 
had an exhibit of the various grades 
of molding sand handled by it. 

The Wellman-Seaver-Morgan Co., 
Cleveland, O., had an exhibit of draw- 
ings of foundries. 

The E. H. Mumford Co., of Phila- 
delphia, exhibited two of the latest 
improved Mumford molding machines 
and one of the Rathbone multiple mold- 
ing machines, and also an exhibit of 
castings made upon the Rathbone ma- 
chines. 

The Herman Pneumatic Machine 
Co., of Zelienople, Pa., had on exhibi- 
tion one of its large pneumatic jarring 
molding machines, which was in opera- 
tion. The molds were lifted off by a 
pneumatic hoist which ran on a trol- 
ley overhead, furnished by the Chicago 
Pneumatic Tool Co., Chicago. 

The Electric Controller & Supply 
Co., Cleveland, had one of the most 
spectacular exhibits on the floor. This 
consisted of an electric lifting magnet, 
of two tons capacity, suspended from 
a special framework by means of an 
electric hoist. A couple of tons of 
pig iron were placed on the floor 
underneath the magnet, and elevated 
by it. After they had been raised 
about six feet, the current was cut 
off from the magnet and the iron al- 
lowed to drop, when the operation was 
repeated. 

The Connersville Blower Co.. Con- 
nersville, Ind., had on exhibit a sec- 
tional blower showing the manner in 
which the rotators worked and also a 
small blower driven by an electric 
motor. 

The Thomas W. Pangborn Co., 
New York city, exhibited the Ameri- 
can Diamond sand blast, the exhibit 
being in charge of J. B. Botham, sand 
blast engineer. 



The Crystal Fluor Spar Mining Co., 
with headquarters in the American 
Trust building, Cleveland, O., had on 
exhibition samples of fluor spar, which 
sold under the name of Empire foun- 
dry flux. 

The Goldschmidt Thermit Co., as us- 
ual, presented one of the most interest- 
ing exhibits in the hall, a detailed de- 
scription of which would occupy a 
large amount of space. There were 
samples cut from welds of various 
types, made by thermit, and cut 
through the weld, showing the accur- 
acy of the workmanship. There were 
clamps and molds for all classes of 
thermit welds, and illustrations and 
photographs showing some of the 
many applications of the thermit. One 
very interesting feature of the exhibit 
consisted in a collection of various 
metals, free from carbon, which were 
manufactured by the thermit process. 
Daily demonstrations of the use of 
thermit were given, including welding, 
burning on, and other uses. The ex- 
hibit was in charge of Mr. A. M. 
Guenther. Mr. E. Stutz, vice presi- 
dent of the company, was also present 
at the convention and spent much of 
his time at the exhibit. 

The Tabor Mfg. Co., of Philadel- 
phia, exhibited two pneumatic mold- 
ing machines, a roll over molding ma- 
chine and a Taylor-Newbold saw which 
is of especial interest to steel foundry- 
men. The roll over machine attracted 
a large amount of attention. 

The Chicago Pneumatic Tool Co. 
had on exhibition an air compressor 
which was driven by a gas engine fur- 
u'shed by the Bruce-Meriam-Abbott 
Co., Cleveland, O., also a collection of 
pneumatic tools and appliances includ- 
ing hoists, hammers, drills and other 
pneumatic tools. These were all ex- 
hibited in operation. 

E. A. Dempwolf & Sons, York, Pa., 
manufacturers of hydrofluoric acid, had 
a space to serve as headquarters for 
the distribution of literature. 

The Buckeye Milling Co., of Cleve- 
land, O., had an exhibit of cores made 
with its Wago dry core compound and 



I 23 



Exhibit; 



gave away samples of the compound 
in pound boxes. 

The Atlas Car & Mfg. Co., of Cleve- 
land, O., had on exhibition a section 
of irdustrial railway with a switch and 
truck, also a dump car and a turn 
table. 

The Osborne Manufacturing Co. had 
the space in the center of the hall, dir- 
ectly in front of the main entrance. In 
the center of this space was arranged 
an octagonal pyramid, each face of 
which was covered with a different 
type of brush. There were hard and 
soft bristle brushes, wire brushes of 
all types, both for power and hand use, 
and in fact, the layman would be be- 
wildered by the array of brushes which 
the various specialties in the different 
branches of the business have brought 
into existence. At one side of the 
pyramid there was a stand, upon 
which were exhibited molders' riddles 
and shovels; also blue-skin belt lacing. 
This is said to be the toughest and 
best belt lace leather manufactured 
anywhere. 

William Dobson, manufacturer of 
molders' tools, of Canastota, N. Y.. 
had a very attractive exhibit, consist- 
ing of a hardwood stand supporting 
columns carrying an elevated shelf. 
Upon these were arranged a 
large variety of molders' tools. The 
tools were all carefully finished, and 
while none of those present, probably, 
ever expect to earn their living again 
with the use of the rammer, trowel and 
slick, they were, nevertheless, very 
much interested in the display, and 
many of them will undoubtedly recom- 
mend these tools to their employes in 
the future. This exhibit was made es- 
pecially efficient by the fact that Mr. 
Dobson and his assistant, Mr. L. H. 
Hough, were always present and ready 
to answer any number of questions. 
The souvenir aluminum scale given 
away at this space was an additional 
drawing card. 

A. Brandau, of Detroit, had on ex- 
hibit his well known brand of molders' 
shoes. The leather in these shoes is 
treated by a secret process, which ren- 
ders it to a large extent fire proof. 
Samples of the leather were introduced 



into the flame of a candle until the 
leather twisted and curled, after which 
it could be straightened out, bent, 
twisted, or pulled, as though nothing 
had happened to it. These shoes are 
especially designed for use in the sand 
heap and are gaining friends among 
the molders every year. 




MR. GARTSIDE S NEW CORE MACHINE. 

The Monarch Engineering Co., of 
Baltimore, Md., had on exhibit one of 
the Monarch furnaces, which, unfor- 
tunately, could not be operated in the 
exhibit hall, as natural gas was not 
available. The original plan was to 
operate this furnace and pour off some 
of the molds made on the molding ma- 
chines. The next best arrangement 
was made, which was to install a fur- 
nace in the exhibit, which was not in 
operation, and another at the shop of 
the Eastern Ohio Gas Co., which was 
in operation. Many of the visitors 
were taken to see this latter furnace, 
and interesting demonstrations of its 
efficiency made. 



Exhibits . 



129 



The Whiting Foundry Equipment 
Co., of Harvey, 111., had on exhibit one 
of the latest type of 44-inch cupola 
furnaces. This was arranged with up- 
per and lower tuyeres, slag spout, and 
all the modern improvements. The 
cupola was mounted next to the 
speaker's stand, and as described else- 
where, was used for drawing off the 
liquid refreshments the night of the 
smoker. The kegs were arranged back 
of the speaker's stand and a block tin 
pipe line laid into the cupola and 



sharpening stones, grinding wheels, 
polishing material, belt lacings, and 
other similar materials. 

The Arcade Mfg. Co., of Freeport, 
111., exhibited two of the Arcade "Mod- 
ern" molding machines. These ma- 
chines are hand operated and ram both 
cope and drag at the same time. The 
exhibit contained a large number of 
castings made on this machine and 
molds were made at a very rapid rate. 
A statement at the exhibit shows that 
Diie of the men, shoveling his own sand 




EXHIBIT OF THE STANDARD SAND & MACHINE CO. 



through an ice box arranged inside of 
the same. The spout was made up in 
the ordinary manner, the block tin pipe 
being concealed in the lining of the 
spout. 

The White Tool & Supply Co., of 
Cleveland, O., had one of the most at- 
tractive displays at the convention. 
This company is agent for the Crescent 
Machinery Co., of Leetonia, O.. and 
hence had on exhibit a complete line of 
patternmaking machinery, including one 
of the most recent models of 
the Crescent band saw, a Universal 
saw table, and a surfacer. The Fox 
trimmers were also exhibited. In ad- 
dition there was a complete line of 



from the heap, has made and poured 
275 molds per day of seven hours, us- 
ing an 11 x 16 flask. These molds re- 
quired approximately 1,200 pounds of 
melted iron. In the photograph, un- 
fortunately, one of the machines is 
almost directly behind the other so 
that they do not show off to special 
advantage. One feature of the ma- 
chine is a very ingenious method which 
is used for making the necessary match 
plates. After the two parts of the mold 
are filled, struck off and rammed, they 
are rolled over and the pattern drawn up 
from the mold. The parts are then drawn 
forward on to an apron, the mold as- 
sembled, and the snap flask removed. 



13° 



Exhibits. 



The sand for this exhibit was furnished 
by the Garden City Sand Co., of Chi- 
cago, 111. 

The Chisholm & Moore Mfg. Co., of 
Cleveland. O., occupied the space next 
to the Arcade Mfg. Co., and displayed 
five of the well-known Chisholm & 
Moore chain hoists. The operation of 
the hoists was also well illustrated by 
sectional models. 

The Detroit Foundry Supply Co.. 
Detroit, Mich., had a space and desk 
next to that of the Chisholm & Moore 
Mfg. Co., and had on exhibit its newly 
patented Galvarim riddle. This is a 
new departure in riddles. The rim is 
made of galvanized iron, with the top 
and bottom beaded over 3-16-inch iron 



Cleveland. The one shown was a 55- 
horsepower engine and operated an air 
compressor in the exhibit of the Chi- 
cago Pneumatic Tool Co., and a line 
of shafting 90 feet in length for driving 
some of the power exhibits. The en- 
gines of this type have an ignition at 
each stroke but the governor regulates 
the gas used so as to produce a uni- 
form speed with any load. 

The W. W. Sly Mfg. Co., Cleveland, 
makes a specialty of cleaning room 
equipment and had on exhibit a num- 
ber of well-known machines of its 
make. These included a pair of ex- 
haust tumbling mills, connected with 
a dust arrester of the latest type. A 
representative of the company went 




SOME OF THE WORK OF THE RATHB0NE MU LTIPLE MOLDING MACHINE. 



wire. The screen is formed over a 
wire rim, and held in place by a groove 
near the bottom of the riddle frame. 
These screens can be replaced when 
worn out, thus greatly increasing the 
life of the riddle. The representatives 
of this company, Messrs. Crandall, 
Woodison and Beers, were in constant 
attendance at the convention, and we 
presume that the next edition of The 
Blast will contain many interesting 
features. 

The gas engine has recently come 
into the foundry as a source of power, 
and every year sees more gas or gaso- 
line engines installed for this purpose. 
Recognizing this fact, the Exhibit As- 
sociation was very glad indeed to have 
on exhibit one of the latest types of 
gas engines, which was furnished by 
the Bruce-Meriam-Abbott Co., of 



to one of the local foundries and se- 
cured a quantity of tumbling mill dust 
which was put into the tumbling mills, 
blown into the dust arrester, and the 
air which came out into the room was 
perfectly clean, thus showing the effi- 
ciency of the device. The statement 
was made that this air could be blown 
across the top of a desk without soil- 
ing the writing paper. In addition the 
exhibit contained one of the Sly water 
cinder mills, with all of the accessory 
mountings. There was also on exhibit 
one of the heads for a tumbling mill 
and one of the gears, showing the 
workmanship on both. 

The Standard Sand & Machine Co., 
of Cleveland, O., exhibited two types 
of sand-preparing machinery, one of 
which was in operation. This com- 
pany manufactures machines so ar- 



Those in Attendance. 



I 3 I 



ranged that they will make any de- 
sired mixtures from a number of grades 
of sand. In this case all the operator 
has to do is to keep the machine sup- 
plied with the various classes and it 
will mix and temper the material which 
is required. Sand mixed in this way 
runs much more uniform than hand- 
tempered sand and is also much more 
economical, as a large proportion of 
old sand or local sand can be used in 
the mixture. The exhibit also con- 
tained a large variety of the molding 
sands handled by the firm. 

George H. Wadsworth, of the Falls 
Rivet & Machine Co., Cuyahoga Falls, 
O., has made a specialty of core-room 



THE STEELE 

MONARCH BLOWS 



VHJllJl LM 




THE MONARCH ENGINEERING CO. S EXHIBIT. 

equipment, and by far the largest pro- 
portion of this exhibit was made up of 
core-room specialties. The well-known 
Wadsworth core machine was on ex- 
hibit, there being three machines in 
operation. One was driven by a com- 
pressed air motor, one six-inch ma- 
chine was driven by hand, and a smal- 
ler machine by hand. There was also 
on exhibit a very neat core oven which 
has recently been designed by Mr. 
Wadsworth especially for the drying 
of machine-made cores. The Wads- 
worth core-coning machine, recently 
illustrated in these columns, was in- 
cluded in the exhibit, as was also the 
Wadsworth tumbling barrel. A large 
number of oil sand cores made upon 
the Wadsworth machine were shown, 



including squares, octagons, ovals, and 
other irregular forms. The cores vary 
in size from y% of an inch square to % 
inch in diameter. 

Adjoining the exhibit of the Falls 
Rivet & Machine Co., was that of the 
Holland Linseed Oil Co., of Chicago, 
111. Mr. Baumgardner had on exhibit 
a number of remarkable cores which 
were made with the Holland core com- 
pound. One core was for the interior 
of a hollow casting used in a steam 
laundry machine. The core was nearly 
eight feet in length, 16 inches in width, 
and 4 1 /} inches in thickness at the cen- 
ter. It was entirely surrounded with 
metal, with the exception of two small 
holes at the ends through which the 
vent was removed. The casting had 
to stand 80 pounds of steam pressure 
per square inch. There were a number 
of other remarkable cores in this ex- 
hibit. 



Those in Attendance. 

Abell, Fred A., Interstate Foundry Co., Cleve- 
land. 

Abell, O. J., The Iron Trade Review, Cleve- 
land. 

Adams, Ezra S., The Iron Age, Cleveland. 

Adamson, R.. The Farrel Machine Co., An- 
sonia, Conn. 

Adams, W. J., S. Obermayer Co., Milwaukee, 
Wis. 

Aikens, M. H., Berkshire Miff. Co., Cleveland. 

Aland, Chas.. Jas. B. Clow & Sons, Newcom- 
erstown, Ohio. 

Allyne, E. E., Allyne Brass Fdry. Co., Cleve- 
land. _ _ 

Allyne, A. H., Allyne Brass Fdry. Co., Cleve- 
land. ' 

Ames, Lyman, Columbus Iron & Steel Co., 
Columbus, Ohio. 

Anderson, Axil, Moline Plow Co., Mohne, 111. 

Andrews, Russel R., The Vulcan Fdry. Co., 
Hamilton, Ohio. 

Anthes, S. S., Toronto Fdry. Co., Toronto, Ont. 

Antisdale, Nelson, Ideal Mfg. Co., Detroit, 
Mich. 

Armstrong, G. H., Matthew Addy & Co., Pitts- 
burg, Pa. ■ 

Armstrong, T. H., Oliver Machinery Co., Grand 
Rapids, Mich. 

Arnold, H. C, A. Carpenter & Sons tdry Co., 
Providence, R. I. 

Atwater, H. R.. Osborn Mfg. Co., Cleveland. 

Ayers, E. M., The Interstate Sand Co., Zanes- 
ville, Ohio. . 

Backert, A. O.. The Iron Age, Chicago. 

Bair, Adam W., Chicago, Milwaukee & St. 
Paul Car Wheel Fdry., Milwaukee, Wis. 

Baird N. E., C. E. Mills Oil Co., Syracuse, 
N. Y. „ 

Baldwin, H. W., T. H. Symington Co., Corn- 
ing, N. Y. 

Baldwin, L. K., The Interstate Fdry Co., 
Cleveland. 

Barker, Fred, Coe Mfg. Co., Painesville, Ohio. 

Barnes, T. R., Barnes Mfg. Co., Mansfield, O. 

Barr, f. D., Penn. Facing Mill Co., Irwin, Pa. 

Barr, W. T., The Interstate Fdry., Cleveland. 

Barringer, Robert R., Baltimore Railroad Spec- 
ialty Co., Corning, N. Y. 

Barry, D. J., Buckeye Milling Co., Cleveland. 



13 2 



Those in Attendance. 



Bartol, Geo., Gen. Mgr. The Otis Steel Co., 
Cleveland. 

Bates, A. N., Erie Fdry. Co., Erie, Pa. 

Battenfeld, Carl, Berkshire Mfg. Co., Cleve- 
land. 

Battenfeld, J. N., Berkshire Mfg. Co., Cleve- 
land. 

Bauman, T. A., Jones & Laughlin Steel Co., 
Pittsburg, Pa. 

Baumgardner, P. M., Holland Linseed Oil Co., 
Chicago, 111. 

Beach, Edward W., Manufacturers Fdry Co., 
Waterbury, Conn. 

Beaman, J. W., W. E. Pratt, Joliet, 111. 

Beemer, Miles W., Beacon Fdry & Eng. Co., 
New York City. 

Beers, Wm. R., Detroit Fdry. Supply Co., 
Detroit, Mich. 

Beeson, T. S., The Wm. Tod Co., Youngs- 
town, Ohio. 

Bennett, Geo. G., The Bennett Eng. & Steam 
Specialty Co., Cleveland. 

Bennett, H. M., The Southern Machinist, At- 
lanta, Ga. 

Berchtold, L. J., Erie Eng. Co., Erie, Pa. 

Bergman, Aug., The Ohio Cultivator Co., Belle- 
vue, Ohio. 

Bernard, L. , Palmers & DeMooy, Cleveland. 

Bever, J. J., Otis Steel Co., Cleveland. 

Bill, H. L., Dodge Mfg. Co., Mishawaka, Ind 

Bixler, R. E., Buckeye Sand Co., Pittsburg, Pa 

Blanchard, A. S., The Wellman-Seaver-Morgan 

' Co., Cleveland. 

Blanchfield, C. O'D., Industrial World, Pitts 
burg, Pa. 

Blunt, L. G., The Ferro Machine & Fdry. Co. 
Cleveland. 

Blyth, Robert, Walker-Pratt Mfg. Co., Water 
town, Mass. 

Bocking, Ferdinand, Seerbrucken, Germany. 

Boggis, H. T., Taylor & Boggis, Cleveland. 

Bohnard, Wm., The Otis Steel Co., Cleveland. 

Botham, T. B., Thos. W. Pangborn Co., New 
York City. 

Boughton, A. L., The Standard Sand & Ma- 
chine Co., Cleveland. 

Boughton, H. E., Standard Sand & Machine 
Co., Cleveland. 

Boughton, W. G., Standard Sand & Machine 
Co., Cleveland. 

Boughton, H. G., Standard Sand & Machine 
Co., Cleveland. 

Bowie, John, Corrigan, McKinney & Co., Cleve- 
land. 

Bowler, N. P., Bowler Fdry Co., Cleveland. 

Boyd, C. A., Wellman-Seaver-Morgan Co., 
Cleveland. 

Boyd, W., Wellman-Seaver-Morgan Co., Cleve- 
land. 

Boyle, James, Buckeye Eng. Co., Salem, Ohio. 

Boynton, T. C, Palmers & DeMooy, Cleveland. 

Bradley, John A., Akron, Ohio. 

Brainard, J. C, Johnston & Jennings Co., Cleve- 
land. 

Brainard, S. W., Cleveland. 

Brandau, Adam, Mfg. Molders' Shoes, Detroit, 
Mich. 

Brans, Frank, Griswold Mfg. Co., Erie, Pa. 

Brant, Wm. J., The Millers Products Co., 
Pittsburg, Pa. 

Brown, Dennis, F. P. Curtiss Co., New Britain, 
Conn. 

Brown, Frank P., Westinghouse Electric Co., 
Cleveland. 

Brown, L. K., Interstate Sand Co., Zanes- 
ville, Ohio. 

Bruce, W. C, Bruce-Meriam-Abbott Co., Cleve- 
land. 

Brunner, Fred J., S. Obermayer Co., Cincin- 
nati, Ohio. 

Bumbaugh, W. S., Monessen Fdry. & Machine 
Co., Monessen, Pa. 

Bunsky, G. P., Stark Fdry. Co., Canton, Ohio. 

Burgen, J. J., Lane Mfg. Co., Montpelier, Vt. 

Burman, F. N., Shirley Radiator Co., Shirley, 
Ind. 

Buyer, George, Barnes Mfg. Co., Mansfield, O. 

Cadwell, E. W., Secy. Cincinnati Fdry. Fore- 
men, care S. C, Tatum Co., Cincinnati, Ohio. 

Cahill, M„ City Fdry. Co., Cleveland. 

Caiey, Chas. J., Russell & Erwin Mfg. Co., 
New Britain, Conn. 



Caley, H. S., Hart & Crouse Co., Utica, N. Y. 
Calhoun, N. S., Johnston & Jennings Co., 

Cleveland. 
Camp, George E., International Heater Co., 

Utica, N. Y. 
Campbell, C. D., Medina Fdry., Medina, Ohio. 
Campbell, J. W., Cleveland Wire Spring Co., 

Cleveland. 
Carew, Wm. J., The Essex Fdry., Newark, 

N. J. 
Carhart, Henry E., Canastota, N. Y. 
Carleton, J. W., Union Mfg. Co., New Britain, 

Conn. 
Carrick, F. A., The Globe Fdry. Co., Erie, Pa. 
Carroll, F. A., The Foundry, Cleveland. 
Carroll, J. T., W. Bingham Co., Cleveland. 
Carson, L. L., American Mfg. Co., Pittsburg. 
Carter, Frank, Interstate Sand Co., Cleveland. 
Cauther, Dan, The Ohio Fdry. Co., Cleveland. 
Chamberlain, F. H., J. D. Smith Fdry. Supply 

Co., Cleveland. 
Chambers, W., The Garden City Sand Co., 

Chicago, 111. 
Chapman, E. M., W. M. Crane Co., Peekskill, 

N. Y. 
Chappelka, A. H. E., Chisholm & Moore Mfg. 

Co., Cleveland. 
Cheney, F. R., Berlin Mach. Wks., Beloit, Wis. 
Cherrie, Jas., Friction Pulley Wks., Sandy 

Hill, N. Y. 
Childs, E. D., Kilby Mfg. Co., Cleveland. 
Clark, W. J., American Shipbuilding Co 

Cleveland. 
Clark, Wm., Cleveland Chaplet & Mfg. Co 

Cleveland. 
Clegg, R. I., Editor Wood Craft, Cleveland. 
Clement, B. H., Erie Fdry. Co., Rochester 

N. Y. 
Cleve, T. M., Otis Steel Co., Cleveland. 
Closshey, D. F., The Detroit Stove Co.. De 

troit, Mich. 
Coble, D. O, A. Buch's Sons Co., Elizabeth 

town, Pa. 
Coleman, F. A., J. D. Smith Fdry. Supply Co. 

Cleveland. 
Coleman, W. H., B. F. Sturtevant Co., Chicago 
Comstock, W. A., Cleveland Wire Spring Co. 

Cleveland. 
Corbin, A. F., Union Mfg. Co., New Britain 

Conn. 
Corse, Wm. M., Detroit Lubricator Co., De 

troit, Mich. 
Cox. P. J., Michigan Stove Co., Detroit, Mich 
Crabill, C. B., The Fanner Mfg. Co., Cleveland 
Craig, W. D., Canada Iron Furnace Co., Mid 

land, Ont. 
Cramer, M. L., The Snow Steam Pump Wks 

Buffalo, N. Y. 
Crandall, L. A., Detroit Fdry. Supply Co., De 

troit, Mich. 
Crawford, P. S., U. S. Graphite Co., Saginaw 

Mich. 
Cray, A. B.. Chandler & Price, Palmyra, N. Y 
Cridland, H. C, Dayton, Ohio. 
Crivil, G. F.. F. B. Stevens, Detroit, Mich. 
Crobaugh, Frank L., Cleveland. 
Crook, A., Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. 

Youngstown, Ohio. 
Crosley, J., Multiple Moulding Machinery, De 

troit, Mich. 
Cross, C. M., Kilby Mfg. Co.. Cleveland. 
Cronenberger, W. A., Cleveland Chaplet & 

Mfg. Co., Cleveland. 
Cuddy, G. S., The Enterprise Fdry. Co., De- 
troit, Mich. 
Cullen, W. T., Frontier Iron Wks., Buffalo, 

N. Y. 
Culver, Chester M., Murphy Iron Wks., De- 
troit, Mich. 
Cummings, J. W., The U. S. Graphite Co., 

Saginaw, Mich. 
Curley, Jas., Falls Rivet & Mach. Co., Cuya- 
hoga Falls, Ohio. 
Cutler, S. C, Republic Belting & Supply Co., 

Cleveland. 
Dailey, Frank, Fdry. Foreman, Walworth Run 

Fdry. Co., Cleveland. 
Daker, T., Hickman, Williams & Co., Cincin- 
nati, Ohio. 
Danver, T. H., Beaver, Pa. 
Davies, Geo. C, Pilling & Crane, Philadelphia. 



Those in Attendance. 



J 33 



Degan, T., American Shipbuilding Co., Cleve- 
land. 
Deming, Geo. H., Smith Mfg. Co., Milwaukee, 

Wis. 
DeMooy, Wm., Palmers & DeMooy, Cleveland. 
Dempwolf, E. A., E. A. Dempwolf & Sons, 

York, Pa. 
Densmore, R. E., Penton Publishing Co., Cleve- 
land. 
Derby, Fred, Taylor & Boggis Co., Cleveland. 
Deverell, H. F., Otis Steel Co., Cleveland. 
Diemer, II. M., Electric Controller & Supply 

Co., Cleveland. 
Diller, H. E.. Western Electric Co., Chicago. 
Ditty, R.. Buckeye Milling Co., Cleveland. 
Dobson, Wm., Canastota, N. Y. 
Donnelly, J. E. Jr., Lackawanna Steel Co., Buf- 
falo. 
Dopp, T. W., The Tabor Mfg. Co., Chicago. 
Douglas, Ed. C, W. & B. Douglas, Middletown, 

Conn. 
Douglass, W. L., Beaver Dam Malleable Iron 

Co., Beaver Dam, Wis. 
Downerd, F. A., American Sand Co., Colum- 
bus, O. 
Downerd, P. F., American Sand Co., Colum- 
bus, O. 
Drummond, E. M.,» Drummond Mfg. Co., 

Louisville, Ky. 
Dubinski, J., Mt. Vernon, O. 
Dye, T. F., Newport Sand Bank Co., Newport, 

Ky. 
Dyer, W. E., Port Huron Engine & Thresher 

Co., Port Huron, Mich. 
Eagan, D. F., Henry E. Pridmore, Boston, 

Mass. 
Eastwood, A. C, Electric Controller & Supply 

Co., Cleveland. 
Ebel. G. F., Stark Foundry Co., Canton, O. 
Edward, B. H., Detroit Register Co., Detroit, 

Mich. 
Elbon, Chas., Berkshire Mfg. Co., Cleveland. 
Erdman, Ed., Interstate Sand Co., Cleveland. 
Ericson, C. H., Cleveland Wire Spring Co., 

Cleveland. 
Evans, C. H., Atlas Bolt & Nut Co., Cleveland. 
Evans, Tas. A.. Erie Laboratory, Erie, Pa. 
Evarts, S. J.. Penton Publishing Co., Cleveland. 
Fahey, Ed., J. S. McCormick Co., Pittsburg. 
Falconer, N., Gunn Richards Co., New York 

City. 
Farrow, E. L., Cleveland Wire Spring Co., 

Cleveland. 
Fauver, H. W., Penton Publishing Co., Cleve- 
land. 
Fasy, J., W. W. Lindsay & Co., Philadelphia. 
Feiss, Geo. J., Superior Foundry Co., Cleve- 
land. 
Ferris, H., The Arcade Mfg. Co., Freeport, 111. 
Field. H. E.. Mackintosh, Hemphill & Co., 

Pittsburg. 
Finley, M. S., J. D. Smith Foundry Supply Co., 

Cleveland. 
Finucan, T., The Westinghouse Mfg. Co., 

Cleveland. 
Fischer, J. E., Beaver Dam Malleable Iron Co., 

Beaver Dam, Wis. 
Fisher, S. H., Harrisburg Foundry & Mach. 

Co., Harrisburg, Pa. 
Fonda, W. H., Port Huron Engine & Thresher 

Co., Port Huron, Mich. 
Foote, H. M., The A. M. Mfg. Co., Columbus, 

O. 
Fortune, J. R., Murphy Iron Works, Detroit, 

Mich. 
Forwell, Wm.. Forwell Fdrv. Co., Berlin, Ont. 
Fox, M. Z.. Hill & Griffith' Co., Cincinnati. 
Frankel, Philip, National Metal Trades Associa- 
tion, Cleveland. 
Frankel, F., Berkshire Mfg. Co., Cleveland. 
Franenheim, H. T., Herman Pneumatic Ma- 
chine Co., Zelienopole, Pa. 
Frohman, E. D., The S. Obermayer Co., Pitts- 
burg. 
Fromm, Frederick C, Manufacturers' Foundry 

Co., Waterbury, Conn. 
Fuller, Beni. D., Westinghouse Elec. & Mfg. 

Co., Pittsburg. 
Fulton, F. H., Studebaker Foundry Co., South 

Bend, Ind. 
Furguson, Jay, The Ohio Foundry Co., Cleve- 
land. 



Gagen, Phil., The Ohio Foundry Co., Cleve- 
land. 

Gale, C. H.. Penna. Malleable Co., Pittsburg. 

Gamble, T. N., Western Tube Co., Kewanee, 
111. 

Ganley, M., The Connersville Blower Co., Con- 
nersville, Ind. 

Gardner, Geo. H., Gardner Publishing Co., 
Cleveland. 

Garrett, Tames, Acme Foundry Co.. Cleveland. 

Gartland. T. H., The Best Foundry Co., Bed- 
ford. O. 

Gartside, Wm. N., Diamond Clamp & Flask Co., 
Richmond, Ind. 

Gaylord, E. S., J. D. Smith Foundry Supply 
Co., Cleveland. 

Geffene, V. P., Acme Foundry Co., Cleveland. 

Gerhart, H. J., Penna. Malleable Co.. Pittsburg. 

Gerdum, A., Walworth Run Foundry Co., 
Cleveland. 

Giesey, V. A., Harbison-Walker Refractories 
Co., Pittsburg. 

Gilbert, H. W., N)sw York Central R. R., 
Frankfort, N. Y. 

Gilbert, L. D., Frick Co., Waynesboro, Pa. 

Gilmour, E. B., E. B. Gilmour Foundry Co., 
Jackson, Mich. 

Golden, T. P., Golden Foundry & Machine Co., 
Columbus, Ga. 

Goldrick, R., The Ohio Foundry, Cleveland. 

Gomersall, Ben, The Toledo Casting & Forge 
Co., Toledo, O. 

Good, Thomas R., W. & B. Douglas, Middle- 
town, Conn. 

Gordon, F. E., The Interstate Sand Co., Con- 
neaut, O. 

Gorman, J. W., Ridgeway Machine Tool Co., 
Ridgeway, Pa. 

Goss, A. J., Tabor Mfg. Co., Philadelphia. 

Gow, John, General Electric Co., Schenectady, 
N. Y. 

Greenbaum, Wm., Acme Foundry Co., Cleve- 

land - °- o ^ , ^ 

Greene, J. B., Lucas Machine & Tool Co., 

Cleveland. 

Greene, W. B., Palmers & DeMooy Co., Cleve- 
land. , 

Griffin. W. H., Kilby Mfg. Co., Cleveland. 

Griffiths, George H., The Iron Trade Review, 
Chicago. 

Grimes, Geo. L., Detroit Stoker & Foundry 
Co., Detroit, Mich. 

Griswold, W. A., Gray & Dudley Hardware 
Co., Nashville, Tenn. 

Groves, S., editor The Canadian Engineer, To- 
ronto, Ont. . 

Gruman, H. W., Interstate Foundry Co., Cleve- 

Grunau, Wm. F., Erie City Iron Works, Erie, 

Pa 
Guade, Edward R., Oil Well Supply Co., Oil 

Citv Pa. 
Guenther, ' A. M., Goldschmidt Thermit Co., 

New York City. 
Gutsche, J. A., L. S. & M. S. R. R., Cleveland. 
Haggerty, H. W., Corrigan, McKmney & Co., 

Cleveland. „ 

Hall. J. H., Electric Controller & Supply Co., 

Cleveland. 
Halsey, G. P.. Erie Foundry Co., Erie, Pa. 
Hamel. F., Detroit, Mich. 
Hamilton, W., Newport News Ship Building 

Co., Newport News, Va. 
Hammond, A. W., The Foundry, Cleveland. 
Hardy, C. A., Whiting Foundry Equipment 

Co.. Harvev. HI. _ T . 

Harpel, Frank T., H. M. Treadwell Co., Leba- 
non, Pa. 
Harris, Irving, Detroit Register Co., Detroit, 

Mich- ^ „*••, 

Harrison, A. E., Allis-Chalmers Co., Milwaukee, 

Wis. 

Harrison, Jos., J. D. Smith Foundry Supply 
Co.. Cleveland. 

Harrold, Mr., Crescent Machinery Co., Lee- 
tonia, O. 

Hator, Lee O., Buffalo Co-operative btove Co., 
Buffalo, Nl Y. 

Haurath, A. P., Interstate Foundry Co., Cleve- 
land. 

Hawkins, D. S., Westinghouse Mfg. Co., 
Cleveland. 



134 



Those in Attendance. 



Heaney. W., The Ohio Foundry Co., Cleveland. 
Hector, F. T. D., The Iron Trade Review, 

Cleveland. 
Henry, T. E., Medina Foundry Co., Medina, 

O. 
Hepunstall, W. H., Torrance Malleable Iron 

Co., Troy, N. Y. 
Herman. H. C, Herman Pneumatic Machine 

Co., Zelienople, Pa. 
Herron, Chas. Jr., Herron Pump & Foundry 

Co., Chattanooga, Tenn. 
Hessler, Geo. J., Syracuse Foundry Co., Syra- 
cuse, N. Y. 
Heyl, Martin L., Herman Pneumatic Machine 

Co., Zelienople, Pa. 
Hibbs, Alfred, The U. S. Pipe & Foundry Co., 

Cleveland. 
Hildebrand, L. A., Wellman-Seaver-Morgan Co., 

Cleveland. 
Hickok, Chas. N., M. A. Hanna Co., Cleveland. 
Hiers, F. A., Diamond Clamp & Flask Co., 

Richmond, Ind. 
Hill, W. H., Quincy Engine Works, Quincy, 

111. 
Hill, J., Hill & Griffith, Cincinnati. 
Hill, T., Ouincy Engine Works, Quincy, 111. 
Hobolt, C~ The Ohio Foundry Co., Cleveland. 
Holmes, H. J., L. Schreiber & Sons Co., Cin- 
cinnati. 
Holzapfel, Wm. T., Crescent Mfg. Co., Scott- 
dale, Pa. 
Horning, Jno., The Ohio Foundry, Cleveland. 
Hosford, W. B., Dodge Mfg. Co., Mishawaka, 

Ind. 
Hott, Peter, C. & G. Cooper Co., Mt. Vernon, 

O. 
Hough, L. H., Wm. Dobson, Canastota, N. Y. 
Housman, R., Kalamazoo, Mich. 
Howard, W. B., Detroit Foundry Supply Co., 

Detroit, Mich. 
Howell, Alfred E., Phillips & Buttorff Mfg. 

Co., Nashville, Tenn. 
Hoyt, C. B., The Ohio Cultivator Co., Belle- 

vue, O. 
Hubbard, Geo. A., The Millers' Product Co., 

Chicago. 
Hubbard, S. W., Rogers, Brown & Co., Cleve- 
land. 
Hulec. Frank, U. S. Bronze Co., Cleveland. 
Hunt, D. Tr., Warner & Swasey, Cleveland. 
Hurlbut, Emory, The Foundry, Cleveland. 
Huston, R. T., Connersville Blower Co., Con- 

nersville, Ind. 
Hutton, Wm. W., Advance Thresher Co., Bat- 
tle Creek, Mich. 
Ingalls, C. W., General Pneumatic Tool Co., 

Montour Falls, N. Y. 
Jackson, Eugene, Wellman-Seaver-Morgan Co., 

Cleveland. 
Jackson, Wm. W., Wellman-Seaver-Morgan Co., 

Cleveland. 
Jacobi, Edward, Stirling Consolidated Boiler 

Co.. Mansfield. O. 
Jacobs, C. V., Osborn Mfg. Co., Cleveland. 
Janke, Robt., Superior Foundry Co., Cleveland, 
"jarecki, Chas., Jarecki Mfg. Co., Erie, Pa. 
Jenkins, W. A., Olds Motor Works, Lansing, 

Mich. 
Jewell, W. E., Acme Steel & Malleable Iron 

Co., Buffalo, N. Y. 
Johnson, H. W., The Hill Clutch Co., Cleve- 
land. 
Johnston, S. T., The S. Obermayer Co., Chi- 
cago. 
Jones, C. H., Rosedale Foundry & Machine 

Co., Allegheny, Pa. 
Jones, John, Rosedale Foundry & Machine Co., 

Allegheny, Pa. 
Kafer, C. A., Electric Controller & Supply Co., 

Cleveland. 
Kanavel, U. E., Interstate Sand Co., Cleve- 
land. 
Karl, Geo., Berkshire Mfg. Co., Cleveland. 
Kean, E. A., The Deming Co., Salem, O. 
Keep, W. J., Michigan Stove Co., Detroit, 

Mich. 
Keith, F. S., Canadian Machinery, Toronto, 

Canada. 
Kelley, G. A., Chisholm & Moore Mfg. Co., 

Cleveland. 
Kelley, W. H., Youngstown Foundry & Ma- 
chine Co., Youngstown, O. 
Kelly, T. P., T. P. Kelly & Co., Mew York. 



Kellner, Wm., The Pattin Bros. Co., Marietta, 

O. 
Kent, R. T., The Iron Trade Review, Cleve- 
land. 
Kerr, Wm., Chisholm & Moore Mfg. Co., Cleve- 
land. 
Kilby, D. J., Kilby Mfg. Co., Cleveland. 
Kirkwood, J. W., Fanner Mfg. Co., Cleveland. 
Kischel, Otto, Interstate Foundry Co., Cleve- 
land. 
Knight, Arthur, American Ship Building Co., 

Cleveland. 
Knodle, C, The Metal Industry, Cincinnati. 
Koontz, H. C, Interstate Sand Co.. Cleveland. 
Kronke, A. J., Cleveland Chaplet & Mfg. Co., 

Cleveland. 
Lamp, Henry, Bettendorf Metal Wheel Co., 

Springfield, O. 
Lane, Henry M„ editor The Foundry, Cleve- 
land. 
Lane, J. S., Akron, O. 
Langsenkamp, Wm. Jr., Langsenkamp Bros. 

Brass Works, Indianapolis, Ind. 
Lathwood. J. A., Lathwood Foundry Co., Pitts- 
burg', Pa. 
Laubscher, Henry C, T. H. Brooks Iron Works. 

Cleveland. 
Lauer, Wilhelm, Brebach, Germany. 
Lavan, P. H., Interstate Foundry Co., Cleve- 
land. 
Lee, J. T., Dealer in Multiple Molding Ma- 
chinery, Detroit, Mich. 
Leland. Henry M., Cadillac Motor Car Co., 

Detroit, Mich. 
Lewis, Wilfred, Tabor Mfg. Co., Philadelphia. 
Little, J. W., Landis Tool Co., Waynesboro, 

Pa. 
Logan, J. A., Jones & Laughlin Steel Co., 

Pittsburg. 
Long, Tohn, A. T. Hagen Co., Rochester, N. 

Y. 
Lose, W. H., Iron City Sanitary Mfg. Co., 

Zelienople, Pa. 
Loudon, Archie M.. Elmira Heater & Foundry 

Co., Elmira, N. Y. 
Lowe, C. F., The Penton Publishing Co.. Cleve- 
land. 
Lumley, D. S., L. S. & M. S. Ry. Co., Elk- 
hart, Ind. 
Luther, P., Lackawanna Steel Co., Buffalo, N. 

Y. 
Lvnch, D. M., A. Buch's Sons, Elizabethtown, 

Pa. 
Lynette, H. A., A. F. A. Exhibit Association, 

Cleveland. 
Lyon, E. J., The Brown & Sharpe Mfg. Co., 

Providence, R. I. 
McBrien. J. V., Western Foundry Supply Co., 

East St. Louis, 111. 
McCallum, Thomas B., Ball Engine Co., Erie, 

Pa. 
McCaslin, H. J., Wellman-Seaver-Morgan Co., 

Cleveland. 
McCoy, J. P., Baldwin Locomotive Works, 

Philadelphia. 
McClumpha, H. E., National Car Wheel Co., 

Cleveland. 
McCormick, J. S., J. S. McCormick Co., Pitts- 
burg. 
McDonald, R. A., Harbison Walker Refractor- 
ies Co.. Pittsburg. 
McDonald, T. F., Monarch Engineering & 

Mfg. Co.. Baltimore, Md. 
McElvain, M., Berkshire Mfg. Co., Cleveland. 
McEwen, H, A. Garrison Foundry Co., Pitts- 
burg. 
McFadden, W. H., Mackintosh, Hemphill & 

Co., Pittsburg. 
McGlynn, J. B., City Foundry Co., Cleveland. 
Mackenzie, H, American Ship Building Co., 

Cleveland. 
McKnight, H. R., W. S. Tyler Co., Cleve- 
land. 
McLean, E., South Altoona Foundry, Altoona, 

Pa. 
MacMeekin, J. B., Abram Cox Stove Co., 

Philadelphia. 
McNeal, Chas. P., Garden City Sand Co., Chi- 
cago. 
McQuillan, W. S., Colonial Foundry & Machine 

Co., South Norwalk, Conn. 
McRoberts, S. A., Industrial World, Pittsburg. 
Mack, C. F., Kilby Mfg. Co., Cleveland. 



Those in Attendance. 



!35 



Maley, H., The City Foundry Co., Cleveland. 
Malone, T. E., J. S. McCormick Co., Pittsburg. 
Man, F. J., Republic Belting & Supply Co., 

Cleveland. 
Martin, Tames V., Monarch Engineering & Mfg. 

Co., Baltimore, Md. 
Martin, S. A.. Pcnna. R. R. Co., Altoona, Pa. 
Mayon, Joe, The Best Foundry Co., Bedford, 

Mead, Wm. J., Pigott, Mead & Co., Cleveland. 

Meaber, Edwin, Zelienople, Pa. 

Meighan, John A., Dawson Bros. & Meighan, 
Pittsburg. 

Melville, G. E., Tabor Mfg. Co., Philadelphia. 

Melvin, Henry, Buhl Malleable Co., Detroit, 
Mich. 

Meriam, J. B., Bowler Foundry Co., Cleveland. 

Merriman, M. W., Madison Avenue Foundry 
Co., Cleveland. 

Meyers, R. C, Stark Foundry Co., Canton. O. 

Michel, Wm. J., Tarrant Foundry Co., Chi- 
cago. 

Miers, Alfred, Walkerville Malleable Iron Co., 
Walkerville, Ont. 

Millard, A. C. Taplin Rice Co., Akron, O. 

Miller, B. A., Chisholm & Moore Mfg. Co., 
Cleveland. 

Miller, Chas. T., Medina Foundry Co., Medina, 
O. 

Miller, C. M., Superior Foundry Co., Cleve- 
land. 

Miller, H. S., Buckeye Milling Co., Cleveland. 

Mills, H. E., C. E. Mills Oil Co., Syracuse, 
N. Y. 

Mills, J., Chicago Pneumatic Tool Co., Cleve- 
land. 

Mills, J. F., Abendroth Bros., New York City. 

Moore, T. H., Republic Belting & Supply Co., 
Cleveland. 

Mohr, G. P., W. W. Sly Mfg. Co., Cleveland. 

Moldenke, Dr. Richard, Sec'y. American 
Foundrymen's Association, Watchung, N. T. 

Molder, H. M., The Best Foundry Co., Bed- 
ford, O. 

Mollen, James F., The Variety Iron Works Co., 
Cleveland. 

Montague, Ceo. C, Norton Emery Wheel Co., 
Worcester, Mass. 

Morton, James N., Monarch Engineering & 
Mfg. Co., Baltimore, Md. 

Moody, R. C, Cleveland Wire Spring Co., 
Cleveland. 

Moore, V. A., Chisholm & Moore Mfg. Co., 
Cleveland. 

Morcon, J. H., Colorado Iron Works Co., Den- 
ver, Colo. 

Morgan, Thos. J., Standard Sand & Mach. Co., 
Cleveland. 

Morgan, W. J., Winton Motor Carriage Co., 
Cleveland. 

Morrison, E. A., Fremont, O. 

Mott, A. C. Jr., Abram Cox Stove Co.. Phila- 
delphia. 

Mumford, E. H., The E. H. Mumford Co., 
Philadelphia. 

Murphy, James A., Interstate Foundry Co., 
Cleveland. 

Murphy, W. C, New Brighton, Pa. 

Needham, Wm., Chicago Pneumatic Tool Co., 
Cleveland. 

Neuert, Otto H., Kilby Mfg. Co.. Cleveland. 

Newmann, Philip, Interstate Foundry Co., 
Cleveland. 

Newbold, Sidney, Tabor Mfg. Co., Philadel- 
phia. 

Nicholls, W. H., Berkshire Mfg. Co., Cleveland. 

Noll, Wm., The Wm. Tod Co., Youngstown, 
O. 

Norstrand. H. P. O. Rathbone, Sard & Co., 
Albany, N. Y. 

Nusser, J. H., National Gear Wheel & Foundry 
Co., Alleghenv, Pa. 

N/uterzuter, C. H., Cleve'.and Chaplet & Mfg. 
Co., Cleveland. 

Ober, A. M., Ober Mfg. Co., Chagrin Falls, O. 

Oberhelman, Wm., Hill & Griffith Co., Cincin- 
nati. 

Oldfield, Hairy, Goulds Mfg. Co., Seneca 
Falls. N. Y. 

Olsen, C. O., Johnston & Jennings Co., Cleve- 
land. 

O'Neil, J. P., Western Foundry Co., Chicago. 



O'Neill. Thos., Filer & Stowell Co., Milwau 
kee, Wis. 

Ormrod, J. D., Donaldson Iron Co.. Emaus 
Pa. 

Ott, Chas., Wellman-Seaver-Morgan Co., Cleve 
land. 

Osborn, T. W., Walworth Run Foundry Co. 
Cleveland. 

Paehlke, Otto F., Allyne Brass Foundry Co. 
Cleveland. 

Parry, Wm. H., National Meter Co., Brooklyn 
N. Y. 

Pattin, W. S., The Pattin Bros. Co., Marietta 
O. 

Paul, Richard, Medina Foundry Co., Medina 
O. 

Peebles. R. P., Turner, Vaughan & Taylor Co. 
Cuyahoga Falls, O. 

Penton, Tohn A., Cleveland. 

Perkins. F. N., Arcade Mfg. Co., Freeport, 111 

Perrine, W. A., Abram Cox Stove Co., Phila 
delphia. 

Peters, M. W., Madison Avenue Foundry Co 
Cleveland. 

Pickands, J. M., Pickands, Mather & Co., Cleve 
land. 

Pickup, G. E., Wehrle Stove Co., Newark, O 

Pigott, Thomas E., Pigott, Mead & Co., Cleve 
land. 

Pinney, H. H„ Westinghouse Elec. & Mfg. Co 
Cleveland. 

Power, R. E., editor Boating, Cleveland. 

Price. W. A., Berkshire Mfg. Co., Cleveland 

Pridmore, E. A., Henry E. Pridmore, Chicago 

Pridmore, H. A., Henry E. Pridmore, Chicago 

Pridmore, Henry E., Chicago. 

Putnam, W. P., Detroit Testing Laboratory 
Detroit, Mich. 

Quinn, Hugh T., Eaton, Cole & Burnham Co. 
Bridgeport, Conn. 

Radigan, T. E., Interstate Foundry Co., Cleve 
land. 

Ramp, H. M., General Electric Co., Schenec 
tady N. Y. 

Ramp, P. R., Murray Iron Works Co., West 
Burlington, la. 

Ranney, H. P., American Ship Building Co., 
Cleveland. 

Rathbone, J. A., Detroit, Mich. 

Rath. C. J., The Fulton Foundry, Cleveland. 

Reddington, P., Silver Mfg. Co., Salem, O. 

Redmond. Geo. F., Interstate Foundry Co., 
Cleveland. 

Reese, John, Falls Rivet & Machine Co., Cuya- 
hoga Falls. O. 

Reid, D., Canadian Westinghouse Co., Hamil- 
ton, Ont. 

Reilly, James, Westinghouse Mfg. Co., Cleve- 
land. 

Richardson, W. G., Allis Chalmers Co., Mil- 
waukee, Wis. 

Riddell, W. A., Sharon Foundry Co., Sharon, 
Pa. 

Ring, R. H., Cortlandt Corundum Wheel Co., 
Cortlandt, N. Y. 

Roche. Thos., National Car Wheel Co., Cleve- 
land. 

Rodgers, T. A., Western Foundry Supply Co., 
East St. Louis, 111. 

Roedell, Wm. A., Kennedy Valve & Mfg. Co., 
Coxsackie, N. Y. 

Roseberry, W. J., Municipal Engineering & Con- 
tracting Co., Cleveland. 

Ross, T. W., Landis Tool Co., Waynesboro, 
Pa. 

Rouse, R., The Boynton Furnace Co., Jersey 
City, N. J. 

Ruthenberg, Gus, Allyne Brass Foundry Co., 
Cleveland. 

Rutson. W., Buckeye Sand Co., Pittsburg. 

Ryan, D. J., Interstate Foundry Co., Cleveland. 

Sands, Tames, Superior Foundry Co., Cleveland. 

Sargent, W. P., N/:ies Tool Works, Hamilton, 

6. 

Saveland, Harry, Acme Foundry Co., Cleveland. 

Scheel, M. J., The W. S. Tyler Co., Cleveland. 

Scheen, D. J., Interstate Foundry Co., Cleve- 
land. 

Schilling, Joseph, Russell & Erwin Mfg. Co., 
New Britain, Conn. 

Schlichte, George, Falls Rivet & Mach. Co., 
Cuyahoga Falls, O. 



i 3 6 



Those in Attendance, 



Schoenberger, W. J., United Brass Co., Cleve- 
land. 

Schowe, H. G., Bowler Foundry Co., Cleveland 

Schreiber, Wm. A., Schreiber & Sons Co., Cin 
cinnati. 

Schwab, J., Skinner Engine Co., Erie, Pa. 

Schwarzenberg, H. L., Waterbury Crucible Co. 
Cleveland. 

Schwoerer, F. C, Acme Foundry Co., Cleve 
land. 

Scofield, Lane, The Tabor Mfg. Co., Philadel 
phia. 

Scott, Arthur, Cleveland Pneumatic Tool Co. 
Cleveland. 

Scoville. F. S., C. E. Mills Oil Co., Syracuse. 
N. Y. 

Seaman, J. S., Seaman-Sleeth Co., Pittsburg. 

Seedhouse, Edwin, Falls Rivet & Machine Co. 
Cuyahoga Falls, O. 

Seelbach, Charles, Forest City Foundry, Cleve 
land. 

Seidler, Wm., Jarecki Mfg. Co., Erie. Pa. 

Shaver, G. N., Crystal Fluor Spar Mining Co. 
Cleveland. 

Shed, N. W., The Buffalo Foundry Co., Buf- 
falo, N. Y. 

Shennan. W. J., Bethlehem Steel Co., Bethle- 
hem, Pa. 

Sherwin, Edward J., Wellman-Seaver-Morgan 
Co., Akron, O. 

Sherwood, Chas., Republic Belting & Supply 
Co., Cleveland. 

Sinclair, D. G., Illinois Steel Co., South Chi 
cago, 111. 

Skiff, Warner, Westinghouse Electric & Mfg, 
Co., Pittsburg. 

Skully, W. C, Smith & Anthony Co., Boston 
Mass. 

Sleeth. S. D., Westinghouse Air Brake Co. 
Pittsburg, Pa. 

Slocum, A. W., Dickson Car Wheel Co., Hous 
ton, Texas. 

Sly, W. C, Sly Mfg. Co., Cleveland. 

Sly, W. W., Sly Mfg. Co.. Cleveland. 

Smart, George Editor The Iron Trade Re- 
viezv, Cleveland. 

Smith. C. T., Chicago Pneumatic Tool Co., 
Cleveland. 

Smith, F. G., Osborn Mfg. Co.. Cleveland. 

Smith, F. N., S. R. Dresser Mfg. Co., Brad- 
ford, Pa. 

Smith, I. S., J. D. Smith Foundry Supply Co., 
Cleveland. 

Smith. P. C, Ingersoll-Rand Co., Phillips- 
burg, N. J. 

Smith, P. G., J. D. Smith Foundry Supply Co., 
Cleveland. 

Smith, Wm., Standard Sand & Machine Co., 
Cleveland. 

Smith, W. H., Standard Sand & Machine Co., 
Cleveland. 

Somerwill, W. J., Palmers & DeMooy Foun- 
dry Co., Cleveland. 

Southcourt, H. P., Holland Linseed Oil Co., 
Chicago. 

Sords, j. F.. Interstate Foundry Co., Cleveland. 

Stadelman, W. A., Wellman-Seaver-Morgan Co., 
Cleveland. 

Starcher, J. H.. William Dobson, Pittsburg. 

Steinfurth, J. C, Cascade Foundry Co., Erie, 
Pa. 

Stephenson, B. S., The Iron Trade Review, 
Cleveland. 

Stevens, Frederic B., Detroit, Mich. 

Stoddard, T. D., The Detroit Testing Co., De- 
troit, Mich. 

Stone, Bert, Walworth Run Foundry Co., Cleve- 
land. 

Stone, H. H., Penna. R. R., Altoona, Pa. 

Strangward, Wm., Forest City Foundry Co., 
Cleveland. 

Strangward, P., Forest City Foundry Co., 
Cleveland. 

Stratton, Dr. S. W., Director National Bureau 
of Standards, Washington, D. C. 

Strehler, Alfred, Clemens Const. Co.. Cleveland. 

Streich, E. F., Osborn Mfg. Co., Cleveland. 

Stutz, Ernest, Goldschmidt Thermit Co., New 
York. 

Sweeney, A. J., Corrigan, McKinney & Co., 
Cleveland. 

Sweeney, M. J., Interstate Sand Co., Cleveland. 



Swift, Chas. C, City Foundry Co., Cleveland. 

Ten Winkel, W. A., Electric Controller & Sup- 
ply Co., Cleveland. 

Thompson, W. R., Interstate Sand Co., Detroit, 
Mich. 

Thomas, D. J., Sterritt Thomas Foundry Co., 
Pittsburg. 

Thorner, Justus, The S. Obermayer Co., Cin- 
cinnati. 

Thrasher, G. M. Jr., Western Tube Co., Ke- 
wanee, 111. 

Tidball, R., Buckeye Milling Co., Cleveland. 

Tingle, A. R., The American Sand Co., Co- 
lumbus, O. 

Titus, T., Titus Foundry, Coldwater, Mich. 

Tobien, R. C, The Ohio Foundry Co., Cleve- 
land. 

Tolmie, R. C, Lobdell Car Wheel Co., Wil- 
mington, Del. 

Towns, F. T., Pittsburg Valve & Fittings Co., 
Pittsburg. 

Towers, J. F., Tenn. Coal, Iron & R. R. Co., 
Birmingham, Ala. 

Trabue, W. D., Phillips & Buttorff Mfg. Co., 
Nashville, Tenn. 

Trenkamp, John, The Ohio Foundry Co., Cleve- 
land. 

Troegele, Chas., Walworth Run Foundry Co., 
Cleveland. 

Troy, Andy, The Interstate Foundry Co., 
Cleveland. 

Turnney, P. J. F., Turnney Copper & Bronze 
Co., Cleveland. 

Turnbull, R. E., Henry E. Pridmore, Chicago. 

Urwin, J. W., Massillon Sand & Stone Co., 
Massillon, O. 

Vetterlein, John, Chisholm & Moore Mfg. Co., 
Cleveland. 

Wadsworth, J. L., The Penton Publishing Co., 
Cleveland. 

Wadsworth, Geo. W., Falls Rivet & Machine 
Co., Cuyahoga Falls, O. 

Wainwright, W, Falls Rivet & Machine Co., 
Cuyahoga Falls, O. 

Waite, Geo. E., Ober Mfg. Co., Chagrin Falls, 
O. 

Waite, Geo. W., Friction Pulley & Machine 
Works, Sandy Hill, N. Y. 

Wagner, L. G., Acme Foundry Co., Cleveland. 

Walda, Wm. C, Central Foundry Co., Fort 
Wayne, Ind. 

Wales, A., Russell Engine Co., Massillon, O. 

Wallis, W. R., The American Machinist, New 
York City. 

Walton, Geo., Madison Avenue Foundry Co., 
Cleveland. 

Wathey, Arthur, Allyne Brass Co., Cleveland. 

Wathey, T., Macbeth Iron Co., Cleveland. 

Watters, T., Western Foundry Co., Chicago. 

Weaver, George H., Dominion Foundry & Sup- 
ply Co., Montreal, Can. 

Webb, J. F., L. S. & M. S. R. R., Elkhart, Ind. 

Webster, T. R., C. E. Mills Oil Co., Syracuse, 
N. Y. 

Webster, J. H., Buckeye Milling Co., Cleveland. 

Wegat, Art., The Ohio Foundry, Cleveland. 

Weidler, E. V., Oil Well Supply Co., Oil City, 
Pa. 

Weirich, S. R.. Myers & Gardner, Massillon, 
O. 

Wennick, A. B., Walworth Run Foundry Co., 
Cleveland. 

West, Ralph D., Cleveland. 

West, Thos. D., Pres. American Foundrymen's 
Association, Sharpsville, Pa. 

White, Frank C, White Tool & Supply Co., 
Cleveland. 

White, J., C. H. & D. R. R., Lima, O. 

Wieman, Wm., Robert Field Sales Agency, 
Pittsburg. 

Wilkins, Geo. W., The Erie Foundry Co., Erie, 

Pa. 
Wilkinson, S., Abendroth & Root, Newburg, N. 

William, A. T., Enterprise Mfg. Co., Philadel- 
phia. 

Williams, R. D., The Marine Review, Cleve- 
land. 

Williams, L. A. Jr., Atlas Car & Mfg. Co., 
Cleveland. 

Wilson, H., Rogers, Brown & Co., Cleveland. 



Souvenirs. 



137 




SOME OF THE SOUVENIRS. 



138 



Souvenirs. 



Wilson, J. J., The Cadillac Motor Car Co., 
Detroit, Mich. 

Wilson, Wm. M., Frederic B. Stevens, Detroit, 
Mich. 

Winlock, T. P., Barbour-Stockwell Co., Cam- 
bridge, Mass. 

Wooden, P. M., Reeves & Co., Columbus, Ind. 

Woodison, E. J., Detroit Foundry Supply Co., 
Detroit, Mich. 

Wright, W. B., Youngstown, O. 

Wright, Henry, Otis Elevator Co.. Cleveland. 

Yagle, Wm., Yagle Mfg. Co., Pittsburg. 

York, R. H., Berkshire Mfg. Co., Cleveland. 

Young, J., Penna R. R., Altoona, Pa. 

Zilles, P. C, Wellman-Seaver-Morgan Co., 
Cleveland. 

Zimmers, F. H., Union Foundry & Machine Co., 
Pittsburg. 



CONVENTION SOUVENIRS. 

The convention this year was marked 
by an unusually fine line of souvenirs. 
The Osborn Mfg. Co., of Cleveland, 
gave a box containing a clothes brush. 
On the back of the brush was the ad- 
vertisement of the Osborn Mfg. Co., 
maker of foundry supplies, Economy 
wire wheels, and all kinds of brushes 
for foundry and platers' use. Upon 
the outside of the box was a statement 
that the brush was given at the conven- 
tion of the American Foundrymen's 
Association, June, 1906. 

The Hill & Griffith Co., of Cincin- 
nati, O., gave a very pretty metal 
plaque, with a picture of a girl sur- 
rounded by a border of lilies upon it. 
The plaque was arranged to be sup- 
ported in a vertical position in a wire 
holder. 

E. A. Dempwolf & Sons, of York, 
Pa., presented the members with a 
numerical mind reader for telling any- 
one's age, which consisted of a number 
of cards cut in such a way that when 
the ones containing the age were prop- 
erly assemhled the age could be read 
upon the face. 

The Interstate Sand Co., of Cleve- 
land, gave away two souvenirs, one of 
which was a pocket book with a long 
pocket for bills and several small 
pockets for cards, and also a leather 
match safe with a small pocket for 
street car tickets and a piece of sand 
paper protected by a leather flap. 

The C. E. Mills Oil Co., of Syracuse, 
N. Y., gave away the most striking 
novelty of the convention in the form 
of a trick match box, which was so ar- 



ranged with a false bottom and lock 
that when in one position it would 
Open so as to show the matches and 
in another position would show on'/ 
an empty box. Upon the outside of 
the box was printed. "You cannot f.nd 
a match for Mills' No. 1 and Lo. a 
Dry Core Compound, or Syracuse 
X-XX-XXX core oil." 

The W. W. Lindsay Mfg. Co., of 
Philadelphia, gave a very neat paper 
weight in the shape of a tinned chap- 
let with the firm's name stamped on 
the head. 

"Uncle Billy," of the Garden City 
Sand Co., Chicago, presented his 
friends with a fountain pen, which was 
appreciated by all the recipients. 

Mr. Chas. J. Caley, of the Russell & 
Erwin Mfg. Co., New Britain, Conn., 
presented the ladies of the party on 
the day of the boat ride with a very 
pretty bronze souvenir paper cutter, 
which was presented in a box lined 
with plush. 

The Standard Sand & Machine Co., 
of Cleveland, made those who visited 
this exhibit happy by presenting them 
with a neat little wallet for change. 

Knowing the propensities of many of 
the foundrymen for forgetting their 
location after an evening's pleasure, 
Jimmie Smith, of the J. D. Smith 
Foundry Supply Co., Cleveland, se- 
lected as a suitable gift for his friends 
an initial watch fob which was very 
neatly gotten up. Upon the front 
there is an enameled initial letter of 
the receiver and on the back the state- 
ment that it is presented with the com- 
pliments of the J. D. Smith Foundry 
Supply Co. 

The Western Foundry Supply Co., 
of East St. Louis, 111., gave sample 
bags containing ground 80 per cent fer- 
ro-manganese, each sample being- 
enough for a fair trial in a small ladle 
of iron. 

The Berkshire Mfg. Co., Cleveland, 
had prepared and cast a series of paper 
weights which were molded on the 
Berkshire machine. Upon the upper 
face of the paper weight is a relief pic- 
ture of the Berkshire molding ma- 
chine. 



oouvenirs. 



J 39 



The Norton Emery Wheel Co., of 
Worcester, -Mass., presented a leather 
match safe with a place for striking 
the matches under the flap. 

Wm. Dobson, of Canastota, N. Y., 
manufacturer of molders' tools, dis- 
tributed a six-inch aluminum rule with 
his advertisement stamped upon it. 

Some of the most important gifts, 
however, were along the smoking line. 
The W. W. Sly Mfg. Co., of Cleveland, 
presented its friends with an alumi- 
num cigar case, containing three good 
smokes. 

The Falls Rivet & Machine Co., of 



The U. S. Graphite Co., of Saginaw, 
Mich., distributed pencils made from 
its Mexican mine graphite. 

The Buckeye Milling Co., Cleveland, 
O., distributed pound bags of Wago 
core compound and also large wall cal- 
endars. 

Henry E. Pridmore, Chicago, manu- 
facturer of the "Pridmore" molding 
machines, is known for the handsome 
souvenirs he distributes at the conven- 
tions of the American Foundrymen's 
Association. This year, his remem- 
brance is a most useful one from a 
man's standpoint. It is a beautiful 




A FEW OF THE SOUVENIRS. 



Cuyahoga Falls, O., presented all of 
the members at the smoker with a 
cigar pouch containing four first-class 
cigars. Upon the front of the case 
was the statement: "These sample 
cores were made on the Wadsworth 
improved core machine by the Falls 
Rivet & Machine Co., engineers, ma- 
chinists and founders, of Cuyahoga 
Falls, O." 

The Chicago Pneumatic Tool Co. 
presented the guests at the smoker 
with a high-grade corn cob pipe, while 
the local committee handed out a sou- 
venir bag of tobacco, a souvenir beer 
stein and cigars banded with A. F. A. 
and A. F. F. 



French briar pipe, with amber mouth- 
piece. The bowl is highly polished, 
the rim and neck being surrounded 
with solid gold bands. It is a costly 
gift, and one that will be highly ap- 
preciated by every recipient. It is not 
a large pipe, nor a heavy one, and it 
can be held in the mouth or carried 
in the pocket without any inconveni- 
ence to the user. A leather case goes 
with each pipe. 

The Goldschmidt Thermit Co., of 
New York city, distributed a mem- 
orandum pad which was bound in 
leather and contained sheets of paper 
for memoranda which were secured by 



140 



The New President. 



the corners as shown in the accom- 
panying illustration. 

The Diamond Clamp & Flask Co., of 
Richmond, Ind., distributed a looking 
glass in a celluloid frame, upon the 
back of which there was a picture of 
Mr. Gartside's new Universal core ma- 
chine, being operated by a pretty girl. 

J. Frank Dye, of the Newport Sand 
Bank Co., of Newport, Ky., left a sweet 
memory behind him by distributing 
small sachet bags. He said that they 
were guaranteed to always smell just 
as sweet, provided you kept enough 
perfumery in them. 

The Buckeye Milling Co., of Cleve- 
land, distributed a celluloid envelope 
opener, with an advertisement of the 
Superior core flour printed upon the 
back. 

In this connection we cannot help 
but call attention to the fact that bring- 
ing the entertainment features of the 
convention into the hands of the newly 
formed supply men's association will 
have a tendency to reduce the grab- 
bing of souvenirs by parties who have 
no right to them and of repeating on 
the part of many of the souvenir hunt- 
ers. This matter, however, is men- 
tioned more fully in another part of 
this issue. 



W. H. McFADDEN, PRESIDENT 
OF THE AMERICAN FOUN- 
DRYMEN'S ASSOCIA- 
TION. 

W. H. McFadden, newly elected 
president of the American Foundry- 
men's Association, is one of the best 
known and most popular manufactur- 
ers in the country. He is vice presi- 
dent and general manager of Mackin- 
tosh, Hemphill & Co., of Pittsburg, 
and his entire career in the iron and 
steel business has been in connection 
with this company. 

Mr. McFadden is a self-made man, 
who, by native ability and steady appli- 
cation, advanced himself from machin- 
ist apprentice to general manager of one 
of the largest concerns of its kind in 
the country. For many years he has 
been actively identified with the Na- 
tional Founders' Association as chair- 



man of the third district and has served 
on its administrative council and as- 
sisted in this capacity in concluding 
successfully many of its most impor- 
tant conferences between that associa- 
tion and the molders' union. He was 
also president of the Pittsburg Man- 
ufacturers' Association in 1905 and 
president of the Pittsburg Foundry- 
men's Association the same year. Un- 
der Mr. McFadden's supervision, ma- 
chinery for the following plants was 
built and erected: Ashland Steel Co., 
Bellaire Steel Co., Benwood Steel 





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W. H. MCFADDEN, PRESIDENT THE A. F. A. 

Works, Bethlehem Steel Co., Colorado 
Fuel & Iron Co., Duquesne Steel 
Works, Edgar Thomson Steel Works. 
Jefferson Iron Works, Hainsworth Steel 
Co., Homestead Steel Works, Jones & 
Laughlin Steel Co., Junction Steel 
& Iron Co., Joliet Steel Works, 
King, Gilbert & Warner Co., Troy 
Steel Co., Lackawanna Steel Co., Mary- 
land Steel Co., National Tube Co., and 
its different plants, Passaic Rolling 
Mill Co., Phoenix Iron Co., Eastern 
Steel Co., Park Brothers & Co., Ports- 
mouth Steel Co., Riverside Iron Works, 
Roane Iron Co., Spang, Chalfant & 



Vice Presidents, 



141 




C. J. CALEYj VICE PRESIDENT THE FIRST 
DISTRICT. 

Co., Schoenberger Steel Co., Shenan- 
go Valley Steel Co., Cambria Steel Co., 
Dominion Iron & Steel Co., Worces- 



J. KEEP, VICE PRESIDENT THE FIFTH 
DISTRICT. 

ter Steel Works, New York State Steel 
Co., Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. 
and Millikin Bros. 

In April, 1888, Mr. McFadden 





JOHN W. BURR, VICE PRESIDENT THE SECOND 
DISTRICT. 



JOHN HILL WHITING, VICE PRESIDENT THE 
FOURTH DISTRICT. 



142 



A Plea for Lower Blast Pressures, 



started as a general apprentice in the 
machine shop and drawing room of 
Mackintosh, Hemphill & Co., Ltd., 
pattern shop. Eager to master his 
and served time in the foundry and 
chosen profession, Mr. McFadden, by- 
over time and Sunday work, served 
one year and five months additional 
apprenticeship, or during his three 
years' term by this means served four 
years and five months. In 1891, before 
he had finished his apprenticeship, Mr. 
McFadden was sent by his company to 




L. L. ANTHES, VICE PRESIDENT THE EIGHTH 
DISTRICT. 

superintend the construction of the 
Ashland Steel Co.'s plant at Ashland, 
Ky., and in 1892, returned and finished 
his time in the shops. 

In 1893, he was made foreman of the 
open-hearth steel department of Mack- 
intosh, Hemphill & Co., Ltd., and held 
this position one year, when, in 1894, 
he was made general superintendent 
of the whole plant. In 1895, while act- 
ing as superintendent of the plant, he 
assumed the additional duties of super- 
intending the building of the Star tin 
plate plant, including both buildings 
and machinery. In 1896, Mr. McFad- 
den was made assistant manager of 
Mackintosh, Hemphill & Co., and held 



this position until 1902, when, under 
the partial reorganization of the com- 
pany, and the retirement of Mr. Hemp- 
hill, he was made vice president and 
general manager, which position he 
still holds. 

Mr. McFadden is a tireless worker 
and in connection with his election as 
president of the American Foundry- 
men's Association, he said he is going 
to put forth every effort to make this 
year the greatest in the history of the 
organization. 



A PLEA FOR LOWER BLAST 

PRESSURES IN CUPOLA 

AND AIR FURNACES. 

BY WILLIAM H. COLEMAN, CHICAGO, ILL. 

Within the remembrance of our 
older foundrymen there was a time 
when blast pressures of 22 to 24 ounces 
at the wind box and in the supply pipe 
to the cupola were deemed necessary 
to melt iron and to make good cast- 
ings. Although considerable changes 
have been made, tending to increase 
the capacity and economy of cupola 
practice, yet some foundrymen adhere 
to what may be termed high blast 
pressures. 

Modern practice calls for greater 
height of charging doors from bottom 
of cupola, larger wind box and greater 
tuyere area, together with larger pipe 
for air supply. Formerly where coal 
was used in cupolas, the fuel ratios 
predominating were as high as six 
and five to one, and the total tuyere 
area ranged down to as low as 10 per 
cent of the area of the cross section 
of the inside lining of the cupola. 

In those days even with the high 
blast pressures then used, clogging of 
the tuyeres was quite commonly ob- 
served. In a cupola of 48-inch diam- 
eter inside the lining, we would have a 
cross section of 1809.56 inches. The 
area of the tuyeres would equal about 
seven per cent of this or 126.66 square 
inches. In order to force the required 
amount of air through this restricted 
area, a comparatively high pressure 
of at least 16 to 18 ounces was re- 
quired, but by doubling this tuyere 
area either by putting in more tuyeres 
or having them larger, up to 20 or 



A Plea for Lower Blast Pressures 



H3 



even 25 per cent of the cross section 
of the inside diameter of cupola, a 
lower blast pressure can be used, the 
volume of air remaining the same. 
Table No. 1 clearly indicates the rapid 
increase in friction resulting from 
higher velocities. It is a convincing 
argument in favor of large areas and 
low velocities. This table is from a 
catalog of the B. F. Sturtevant Co., 
and is for pipes 100 feet long. 

In order to get a large volume of air 
through restricted tuyere area the blast 
pressures must be correspondingly 
high. The prominent cupola builders 
recognize that enlarged tuyere area is 
an advantage, but some of them con- 
tinue to recommend higher blast pres- 
sures than are commonly used among 
the best informed cupola managers. The 
substitution of coke for coal, as a fuel, 
seems to make larger volumes of air 
necessary, and the soft by-product 
coke, while having the properties of an 
ideal cupola fuel, must be mixed with 
the harder cokes, and requires more 
oxygen than the hard cokes of the 
east, and therefore more air to make 
it melt iron rapidly. 

Recent changes in methods of charg- 
ing the cupola, and the better attention 
which the makers have given to teach- 
ing foundrymen how to use by-product 
coke have brought about better fuel 
ratios and other improved conditions. 

TABLE 
Type. R. P. M. 

Sturtevant Steel Pressure Blower 1,618 

Sturtevant "Monogram" Blower 780 

It is now undoubtedly the best prac- 
tice to use lower blast pressures to 
such a point as the consequent lower 
capacity will admit of. It is, of course, 
agreed that if capacity only is to be 
considered, then the higher blast pres- 
sure must be employed. 
High and Low Blast Pressures for Air 
Furnaces. 

In speaking of this subject here I 
do so for the reason that many mem- 
bers of this association operate both 
the cupola and the air furnace. I find 
the air furnace operators are greater 
sinners in regard to high blast pres- 
sures than the cupola men. 



The correct volume and blast pressure 
•for air furnace work depends upon the 
rate of coal consumption on the grate 
per square foot per hour and the qual- 
ity of coal used. Heed should be paid 
to whether the coal is heaped high on 
the grate and whether or not the fur- 
nace is crowded. 

The air supply pipes under the grates 
and those for the top blast should be 
of ample size and fitted without abrupt 
curves or elbows. In this way low 
blast pressures may be utilized, and 
consequently considerable power may 
be saved, as is shown in the following 
table which compares the steel pres- 
sure blower having small volumetric 
capacity, with the low pressure fan 
having large capacity at a lower pressure. 

It is quite evident that the low pres- 
sure type of fan is the more economi- 
cal for air furnace work. 

I believe that in an air furnace un- 
der proper working conditions there 
is little reason for the down blast 
through small thimbles to support 
combustion where the volumes and 
velocities of the air under the grates 
are proportionally arranged. If the 
thimbles are enlarged up to at least 
three inches diameter in the eight-ton 
furnace, and at least four inches di- 
ameter in the ten-ton furnace and are 
fitted to a supply pipe with a funnel or 
gradual taper, and if they are of suffici- 

NO II. 

Air 
Pressure. per min. 
Dia. Wheel. Ounces. cubic feet. H. P. 
41-J4 in- 13 3,760 20.S 

40 in. 2.5 10,600 12.0 

ent number, they will offer very little 
frictional resistance to the air. If all 
these conditions are fully met there 
will cease to be any reason for high 
velocities or high pressures of air in 
this type of furnace. You can blow 
more of a flame down by four thimbles 
of 3-inch diameter at two ounces pres- 
sure than with five thimbles of i^-inch 
diameter at six ounces pressure because 
the combined thimble or tuyere area is 
greater. 

To pass ioo cubic feet of air per 
minute through a pipe whose diameter is 
2*/2 inches, requires an air velocity of 



i 4 4 



A Plea for Lower Blast Pressures. 






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A Plea for Lower Blast Pressures. 



H5 



3,000 feet per minute. While through 
a 4-inch pipe with a velocity of 2,300 
feet per minute, double the amount of 
air may be passed. 

The experience of our fan engineers, 
(fan engineering is now recognized as 
a distinct and special line of engineer- 
ing) show that 200 to 300 cubic feet 
of air is required to burn 1 lb. of coal, 
and that the pressures should be i£4 
to 2^4 ounces under the grate for air fur- 
nace work. Assume 20 to 40 pounds coal 
per square foot of grate and allow 15 to 
25 per cent additional air for the down 
blast, and make openings and pipes of 
ample area, letting the air for down 
blast be supplied at same pressure as 
that below the grates. Under this change 
of conditions from high velocities of air 
through small thimbles, some of your 
air furnace tenders will complain of 
not getting enough pressure. Strange, 
they never complain of "not getting 
enough air." They seem to think that 
if the air with its high velocity rush- 
ing through the small orifices "whis- 
tles," everything is all right. Now, 
this is one of those "whistles" that 
comes high. If you must have air 
and plenty of it in your down blast, 
make your openings large and use the 
proper type of fan: The volume fan 
and not the cupola fan. 

"The introduction of this down blast 
throws the flame over on to the iron 
in the bath," says our air furnace man. 
It seems to me that the use of this 
down blast at high pressure is one of 
the reasons why the ratio of fuel to 
metal is 60 per cent instead of 30 per 
cent, which is at least the theoretical 
ratio. Some of our largest makers of 
gray iron castings have been frightened 
away from using the air furnace to melt 
pig iron by reason of its high fuel con- 
sumption. 

The air furnace is subject to great 
wear and tear; this can undoubtedly be 
lessened, as in the cupola, by using 
low pressures. 

I am inclined to think that if there 
is a sufficiency of air under the grates, 
and if the air spaces in the grates are 
proportioned properly, the combus- 
tion will be all that is required. The 
introduction of cold air beyond the 



bridge wall tends to cool off the gases 
of combustion and interferes very 
materially with the draft through the 
stack. We know from our laboratory 
experiments with a Bunsen burner, in 
mixing gas and air for a heating flame, 
that cold air will not mix readily with 
heated gas; when the gas gives up its 
heat to the air and it in turn becomes 
heated, then they will mix and burn 
without smoke or soot. 




Manner ofj^finj 
Pjpe<s far Down ■ • 
JiJajIforAjr- ■ • 
furnace. .-'- . 



Blast Pipes for an Air Furnace. 
Among the many foundrymen, who, 
under the direction of their metallurgi- 
cal chemists, have been reducing their 
pressures from time to time, it is a 
significant fact that a company in Chi- 
cago, operating probably the largest 
number of cupolas as well as the larg- 
est in size of any known to me, is 
one of the firmest believers in low 
blast pressures. In one of their many 
plants they are using two cupolas of 



146 



A Plea for Lower Blast Pressures, 



84 inches inside diameter, and a centri- 
fugal fan blower to give 24,000 cubic 
feet of air per minute at 12 ounces pres- 
sure, in the wind box. Another of the 
largest firms in this country is using six 
to eight ounces in two 72-inch cupolas, 
and with positive blowers. 

The position and shape of the tuy- 
eres sometimes play a part in the 
proper distribution of the blast, and 
their height should be determined with 
due regard to the character of the 
work done and the charging of the 
cupola should be changed accordingly. 
For heavy castings the tuyeres should 
be higher than for light castings, and 
for stove castings a very low position 
of tuyeres is advisable, as the melting 
is practically continuous. 

While I am an advocate of low pres- 
sure in cupolas for the reasons above 
stated, I am not an advocate of scanty 
volume or supply of air. Many foundry- 
men are using blowers far below the 
required capacity in volume; there- 
fore they are compelled to speed up 
their blowers in order to get the neces- 
sary volume, thereby getting, incident- 
ally, higher pressures than are essen- 
tial to do the work, w'th poor results 
in their products, together with rapid 
destruction of cupola lining. This is 
undoubtedly one of the most impor- 
tant reasons for existence of high pres- 
sures in many foundries. High pres- 
sures give a greater melting capacity 
for a given size cupola, but better re- 
sults at a less cost for power can cer- 
tainly be obtained by using larger 
cupolas with lower pressures and 
larger volumes of air supplied through 
enlarged tuyere area. Under some con- 
ditions the desire for a high rate of 
melting outweighs other considera- 
tions and high pressures of blast must 
be used. But a sure sign of engineer- 
ing is a willingness to invest in large 
and even expensive equipment if 
thereby the earnings on the investment 
can be increased. 

Even with limited cupola capacity, 
the loss in melting capacity at the 
cupola with low pressures is often 
more than made up in the machine 
shop, by decreased cost in working up 
the product, as low pressures produce 



a soft casting easy to machine by rea- 
son of less loss of silicon and mangan- 
ese by oxidation. Higher strength for 
the same reason is obtained under 
low pressures, as has been proven by 
government tests. 

Combustion is never complete in a 
cupola. It requires a certain amount 
of oxygen to support combustion, and 
volume is fundamentally far more es- 
sential than pressure. 

The action of the blast in the cupola 
is to oxidize a small portion of the 
carbon in the iron, and of the silicon 
and manganese also. Per contra, the 
iron absorbs some carbon from the 
fuel, sometimes sufficient to more than 
offset the loss by oxidation: not so 
with silicon. This is oxidized in pro- 
portion to the pressure or the inten- 
sity of the flame. A sufficiency of sili- 
con produces soft castings by pre- 
venting- the formation of combined 
carbon. Any increase of combined 
carbon increases the hardness of the 
castings. The oxidation of silicon and 
manganese is all the way from five 
per cent in the small cupolas to 20 
per cent in the largest ones and pres- 
sure has no doubt considerable influ- 
ence in affecting its quantity. 

Reports received from some of our 
best foundrymen show what excellent 
results may be obtained by using low 
pressures of blast. These reports cover 
experiences with both fan and posi- 
tive blowers in connection with var- 
ious classes of foundry work, from cast- 
ings for heavy fly wheels, engine and 
pump cylinders, stove work and cast- 
ings, down to one-half ounce in weight. 
A large number of those using positive 
blowers are working under the lower 
pressures. In order to change from 
a high to a low pressure, of course 
the question of volumes must be con- 
sidered and the foundryman must ar- 
range his iron mixtures and fuel ac- 
cordingly. Sometimes he must also 
change his manner of charging. But 
it will pay him to do this and melt at 
low pressures, unless, for instance, he 
is making sash weights from sheet 
metal scrap and old tin cans; or in 
case the cupola output per hour is the 
greatest consideration, or the castings 



A Plea for Lower Blast Pressures 



147 



require no machining, or their appear- 
ance is of no consideration. 

With the high pressures, extra loss 
by oxidation of silicon and mangan- 
ese is only compensated for by pur- 
chasing the grades containing higher 
amounts of silicon, i, e., paying more 
for the iron by reason of rapid melt- 
ing. 

The iron as it conies from the spout 
of the cupola is far above its melting 
point. No definite rule can be given 
for the temperature at which it should 
be poured to meet the different re- 
quirements of different kinds of work. 
However, it is recognized that in 
pouring for thin castings, particularly 
those having small cores and thin pro- 
jections, hot metal run slowly into the 
molds is the best practice. Heavy 
castings having few or no cores can 
be poured much more rapidly and the 
iron need not be so hot. 

It is good practice, when making a 
line of goods where duplication is pos- 
sible, and where the daily requirements 
are known, to arrange for hot iron and 
rapid pouring. This can be done 
when heats are long and practically 
continuous, where temperatures and 
fluidity can be run high. When I see 
the modern car wheel foundryman 
pouring hundreds of 700 pound car 
wheels per day in chills. I often ask 
myself, "Do the stove foundrymen 
really know what hot iron is?" They 
require at least two per cent 
silicon in their castings, but 
as you lower your rate of 
silicon so you can raise the temper- 
ature of pouring your metal. 

Having discussed high and low 
blast pressures in the cupola, let me 
explain further by reference to tables 
III and IV. 

For high blast pressures in cupolas 
we have the following capacities 
shown in table III : 



TABLE III. 

CUPOLA CAPACITIES WITH HIGH BLAST PRESSURES. 

Dia. inside lining Capacity per hour ounces, 

in inches. tons melted. Pressure in 

18 Va- Vz 8 

23 V2 - 1 10 

27 1-2 10 

32 3-5 12 

37 5-6 12 

42 6-7 12 

45 7-9 14 

48 9-10 14 

54 10 -12 14 

60 12 - 14 16 

66 14 -18 16 

72 18 -21 16 

78 21 -24 16 

S4 24-27 17 

For low blast pressures we have the 

following capacities shown in table IV: 

TABLE IV. 

CUPOLA CAPACITIES WITH LOW BLAST PRESSURES. 

Cupola inside Capacity for Pressure in 
lining in inches. hour — tons. 
18 



23 
30 
35 
37 
42 
45 
48 
54 
60 
66 
72 
78 
84 



3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
10 
12 
16 
19 
21 



- Va 

- 3-Vz 

- 4 

- 5 

- 6 

- 7 

- 8 

- 9-y 2 

- 12 

- 15 

- 18 

- 22 
-24 



ounces. 
5 - 7 
5 - 7 
6- 8 
7 - 8 
7 - 10 

7 - 10 
8- 10 

8 - 10 

9 - 10 
10 - 12 
10- 12 
10 - 12 
12- 14 
12 - 14 



I consider the pressures in table III 
to be the maximum allowable or per- 
missible for the best work, and they 
insure the greatest melting capacity in 
a given sized cupola. Very few 
foundrymen, however, care to utilize 
such high pressures as shown in table 
III for several reasons: 

First: — Because they find they can 
get their required capacities at the 
lower blast pressures by using larger 
cupolas. 

Second:— Because the cupola lining 
will last longer under lower pressures. 

Third: — Because oxidation of the sili- 
con and manganese is greater under 
high pressures. 

Fourth:— Because the resultant cast- 
ings are easier to machine when made 
under the lower pressure. 

Fifth : __ Because there is less slagging 
under the lower pressure, owing to the 
fact that you do r.ot force the cupola. 

Sixth :— Because greater strength in 
castings is obtained in melting at the 
lower pressures, all other things being 

eoual. 
"Seventh:— Because the horsepower 

required per ton melted is less at low 

pressures than at high pressures. 



148 



A Plea for Lower Blast Pressures. 



Recapitulation. 

Eighteen to twenty ounces might be 
designated as extremely high pressures 
in cupolas from 54 to 74 inches inside 
diameter of lining, and these pressures 
were formerly used with coal as fuel 
and with small tuyere area. 

Low pressure, good sand, dry molds 
properly rammed and vented with 
good facing mixtures, together with 
reasonably hot metal having good 
fluidity, will make the smoothest 
castings. Having a lower per cent 
of combined carbon makes the cast- 
ings softer and easier to machine, ob- 
tained more readily under pressures in- 
dicated in table IV. 

Referring to fifth reason: The lia- 
bility to slag is often caused by the too 
rapid passing of the blast through too 
small tuyere openings — too high veloc- 
ity, too great a pressure freezing the 
metal near the tuyeres and producing 
slag. Too small a volume of air at 
these high pressures will not only 
make much slag but cause the iron to 
"hang" or "bridge" in cupola. The 
pressures specified in table IV will 
not produce as much slag per ton 
metal, all other things being equal, 
that is, quality of iron, flux, etc., as the 
extremely high pressures indicated in 
table III. 

Referring to the sixth reason: The 
present practice among foundrymen is 
to buy coke and pig iron by analysis, 
rather than by fracture, as was com- 
monly done years ago. They now in 
sist upon getting their iron and coke 
low in sulphur. However coal, (hard- 
ly ever used now), having a high per- 
centage of sulphur, particularly when 
melted in connection with pig iron 
high in sulphur, and a large percentage 
of very old, long exposed, inferior 
scrap, together with a slow rate in 
melting capacity, — slower than indi- 
cated in table IV, — would produce con- 
ditions most favorable to the absorp- 
tion of sulphur in the casting; but with 
coke and iron as now purchased, the 
increased absorption of sulphur would 
be hardly appreciable, due to the dif- 
ference in melting capacities, as indi- 
cated in tables III and IV. 

The sulphur bugaboo, together with 



the clogging up of tuyeres, has ceased 
to be a terror to the foundryman who 
knows his business. 

Enlargement of Tuyeres. 

While I have never seen a cupola 
with too much tuyere area, I have 
stated definitely a limit. The tuyere 
is necessarily cut down considerably 
during the heat, and unless you have 
surplus tuyere area to start with, you 
will find you are short in area during 
the latter part of the heat. Our mod- 
ern cupolas have greater tuyere area 
than cupolas formerly made, but even 
this is frequently enlarged to meet the 
demands of increased melting capaci- 
ties at lower blast pressures; particu- 
larly when only the lower tuyeres are 
utilized. 

The Blast Gate. 

I have found quite a number of 
foundry foremen who do not vise the 
blast gate. However for the very 
reason that foundrymen do not gener- 
ally appreciate its importance, I find 
it desirable to speak of it. Unless a 
man does use a blast gate while op- 
erating a centrifugal fan with full vol- 
ume capacity for cupola, he will not 
be able to get exactly the same quality 
of iron at all periods of the heat. Even 
users of positive blowers are now in- 
stalling regulating rheostats to control 
pressure and volume of air blast dur- 
ing the heat, where previously this 
matter was not considered essential. 
Absorption of Sulphur by Slag. 

Low blast or pressure with sufficient 
volume will give hot iron and good 
fluidity. Many will say they get 
good hot iron with good fluid- 
ity at pressures lower than those 
in table IV. On the other hand, a cast 
steel company operating a positive 
blower at 17 ounces with 72-inch in- 
side diameter cupola, has been getting dull 
iron, while their two neighbors, both 
operating cupolas of the same size, 
with practically the same size and 
character of blowers, are doing good 
work at very much lower pressures. A 
company in South Bend, Ind., is mak- 
. ing beautiful and intricate castings by 
cheap labor and using pressures at 4 
to six ounces in wind box, having reduced 
from time to time (after a long ex- 



A Plea for Lower Blast Pressures 



149 



perience), from the higher pressures. 
They are not troubled with any 
sulphur. Other foundrymen have 
been reducing their pressures under 
the advice of their foundry chemists. 

However, with pig irons and coke 
high in sulphur, the rate of melting has 
considerable to do with the amount 
of sulphur that will be absorbed in 
the castings. Fast melting permits 
the iron to absorb but little sulphur 
in comparison with slow melting, un- 
der abnormally low pressures. This 
possibly is one of the greatest argu- 
ments for fast melting. 

Horsepower Per Ton Melted. 

If we assume the price of a horsepower 
is $45 per year, the 30-ton heat will 
cost only from $1.50 to $2. If we 
assume the iron to be 2%c per pound of 
casting, the cost of this power is 
I-Toooth of one per cent of 
the total cost of the iron 
or 2]4 thousandths of a cent per 
pound. Of course, if greater power is 

TART. 
Volume of air required 

6 lbs. iron to 1 lb. coke 33,000 cu. 

7 " " " " " " 31,000 
S " " " " " " 29,000 
9 " " " " " " 27,000 

10 " " " " " " 25.000 

used a larger motor will have to be 
purchased, and the added expense of 
installation is more than the added ex- 
pense of operation. The amount of 
power saved by more economical melt- 
ing is small for one cupola, but in the 
case of a certain large corporation, 
operating a considerable number of 
large cupolas for heats of six to eight 
hours' duration, the difference in cost 
of power between the high and low 
pressures amounts to $25,000 per year, 
in favor of lower pressure. 

If larger cupolas with lower blast 
pressures are used the same capacity 
per hour may be obtained as with 
smaller cupolas, and considerable 
horsepower be saved in consequence 
thereof. I do not mean to assume that 
the amount of air may be indefinitely 
increased by enlarging the tuyeres and 
not increasing the pressure. This may 
be done to a certain extent, but we 
soon reach a point where the equiva- 



lent area through the charge in the 
cupola is less than the tuyeres. If we 
take for instance two 84-inch cupolas to 
which are to be supplied 24,000 cubic feet 
of air per minute at a 10-ounce pressure, 
we note from our table of the veloci- 
ties that 216 square inches 
area is required for the pas- 
sage of 24,000 cubic feet of air 
per minute. The combined tuyere area 
of two 84-inch cupolas is 1,264 
square inches, or about six 
times the area required to 
pass the stated amount of air at a ve- 
locity due to a io-ounce pressure. In 
other words, it is the resistance of the 
charge which regulates the amount of 
air which can be forced through the 
cupola at given pressure by any type 
of blower and not altogether the area 
of the tuyeres, when these tuyeres are 
of a size which will make their total 
area larger than that which is required 
to pass the requisite amount of air. 
Just as increase of the tuyere area in 

E V. 

per ton of iron melted, 
ft. of air per lir. per ton iron per hr. 



The average is about 30,000. 

a blast furnace would permit of a low 
pressure blast being used, so certain 
kinds of charges in cupolas require a 
higher blast pressure to force the air 
through them, regardless of any in- 
crease in tuyere area. By this I do 
not mean to belittle the importance of 
the size, arrangement and position of 
the tuyeres in the cupola. This is, as I 
have said, of great importance, but I 
think does not largely affect the vol- 
ume when high pressure is used, par- 
ticularly when obtained by means of 
the displacement blower. 

The pressure limits the volume car- 
ried by any given pipe. In other words, 
a 12-inch pipe will carry a 
fixed volume of air at eight 
ounces pressure, but a larger vol- 
ume at same pressure requires a 
larger pipe. It is therefore apparent 
that increased tuyere area and properly 
proportioned supply pipe and ample 
area in wind box is desirable for low 



'5° 



Discussion on Coke Tests. 



pressure, when using the centrifugal 
fan blower. Inversely, when tuyeres 
are small, higher pressures are re- 
quired to obtain the volume necessary, 
and then a blower of the displacement 
principle is required. 

I find that the amount of air required 
to melt a ton of metal per hour de- 
pends principally upon the size of 
cupola, the ratio of coke to metal 
used in melting, the character of the 
coke, and the manner of charging. In a 
cupola, air is blown over the melted 
metal, not through it; the oxidation of 
carbon is slight and incidental, not 
fundamental and complete, as in a con- 
verter when air is blown through the 
metal. The volumes in Table V are 
approximately correct for air required 
per ton melted per hour: 
Conclusions. 

Less pressure required for coke than 
for coal. 

More volume required for coke than 
for coal. 

Larger tuyere area required for coke 
than for coal. 

Coke more rapidly chilled by high 
velocity or pressure. 

Tuyeres and lining will not burn out 
so quickly under the low blast pres- 
sures. 

Too much air will reduce the tem- 
perature of the gases and retard com- 
bustion, particularly when introduced 
in top row of tuyeres. 

The blast should be started at low 
pressure, and increased up to the maxi- 
mum pressure required during the heat. 
The pressure should be lowered again 
at the end of the heat, for the reason 
that having less metal in cupola and 
more space around it, oxidation of sili- 
con in the iron and the consequent 
hardening of the castings is prevented. 
Choked tuyeres are prevented by hav- 
ing large tuyere area with plenty of 
volume at low pressure, good iron and 
good fluxing. 

Blast pressure is advisable, provided 
the cupola is large enough to give the 
required melting capacity, provided the 
blast pressure is not reduced enough 
to make melting unreasonably slow. 



This paper would not be complete 
without an expression of my sincere 
thanks to the gentlemen who have so 
willingly responded to my questions 
concerning cupola performance. 



DISCUSSION ON PAPER BY R. 

MOLDENKE— COKE TESTS OF 

U. S. GOVERNMENT. 

In the discussion on my paper consid- 
erable interest was manifested on the 
point relating to the actual burning up 
of the iron in some of the heats run 
during the government coke tests. At 
the time I stated that the very first heat 
made burned up half of the iron charged, 
this oxidizing and going into the slag. 
Some doubt was also expressed as to 
the ability on the part of the iron to do 
this. Mr. Shed, afterwards, in reading 
his paper on "Fluxes in the Cupola," con- 
firmed my experience. 

While in St. Louis a few weeks ago, 
to start off the second series of gov- 
ernment coke tests, I had the wind box 
of the cupola that made this bad heat 
cleaned out, and found in it. close to 
the slag spout, some of the very slag 
which foamed through the tuyeres, and 
caused us to drop bottom only to find 
1:0 more iron there to melt. This slag 
was black and heavy, and on being 
analyzed in the government laboratory 
at the fuel testing plant, gave the fol- 
lowing for iron and silica. 

Analysis No. 3402. 

Silica 30.33 per cent. 

Iron 43-5° per cent. 

which would seem to show that the iron 
was going "back to nature" again. 

Foundrymen have often noticed that 
with improper charging and running 
conditions, generally accidental, that 
their iron would disappear, and the slag 
formed in melting foam up even out of 
the charging door. This is simply a 
Bessemerizing the cupola. and shows 
how liable this melting process is to 
oxidation effects. 

I am glad to be able to give the above 
analysis, as I know it will interest foun- 
dryman and metallurgist alike. 

Richard Moldenke. 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS* 

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